摘要
全国冬小麦秋苗均可遭受来自西北和西南越夏区条锈菌的侵染与危害,条锈菌在寄主上进一步繁殖和发展,引起本地或者外地小麦条锈病流行。不同麦区秋苗条锈病发生时间、发生程度及其菌源传播规律各不相同,年度间亦存在差异。根据小麦条锈病发生流行频率、病菌越冬和越夏情况、秋季菌源和春季菌源的有无与多少、提供时间及其影响范围与作用,结合地理生态条件、气候特点、小麦种植区划与栽培模式等,将中国小麦条锈病发生流行区域划分为8个明显不同的生态区系,即关中、华北春季流行区;成都平原、江汉流域冬季繁殖区;西北、川西北越夏易变区;云贵高原越夏冬繁区;新疆冬春麦常发区;西藏高原青稞、小麦常发区;南方晚播冬麦偶发区;内蒙古、东北春麦偶发区。通过病害实地调查、病菌群体遗传多样性和高空气流轨迹分析,进一步揭示了区间菌源传播关系。陇南、陇中、陇东、宁南、海东、陕西宝鸡以及川西北和云贵高原等地区离越夏区较近,冬小麦播种较早,秋苗条锈病发生早、发病重,秋季随西北气流传播到平原冬麦区和海拔较低的冬麦区侵染危害秋播麦苗,其菌源数量对全国小麦条锈病发生流行程度起着至关重要的作用,是中国小麦条锈病的秋季菌源基地,面积约67万hm 2;成都平原、江汉流域、陕南、豫南、云贵坝区等麦区,离条锈菌越夏区相对较远,小麦播种期也较晚,秋苗发病较晚较轻,但冬季气候温和,雨露条件充沛,条锈菌在冬季可以不断侵染和繁殖,在早春可积累大量菌源,然后向北部和西部广大麦区扩散传播,引起小麦条锈菌春季侵染,是中国小麦条锈病的春季菌源基地,面积约200万hm 2。云贵高原越夏冬繁区可为我国广大麦区特别是长江中下游麦区提供部分菌源,荆州等鄂东南地区是云贵菌源向长江下游麦区传播的中转站。云南
Autumn-sown wheat seedlings can be infected nationwide by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)from northwest and southwest over-summering areas,and then give rise to local and nonlocal epidemics of wheat stripe rust due to the increased inoculum and spreading.There were differences in the occurrence time,level and spread of stripe rust in various wheat-planting areas,and also between years.Based on the frequency of stripe rust epidemics,existence of over-summering and over-wintering Pst,and availability of inoculum sources,combined with the geo-ecological and climatic conditions,and the way of wheat cultivation,the occurrence and epidemic areas of wheat stripe rust could be divided into eight ecological zones in China,i.e.,the spring epidemic zone of the central Shaanxi Plain and north China winter wheat;the winter-increasing zone of Chengdu Plain and Jianghan River Basin facultative wheat;the over-summering and variable zone of northwest winter and spring wheat;the over-summering and winter-increasing zone of Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau facultative wheat;the recurrent epidemic zone of Xinjiang winter and spring wheat;the recurrent epidemic zone of Tibet highland barley and wheat;the occasional epidemic zone of south late-sowing wheat;and the occasional epidemic zone of Inner-Mongolia and Northeast spring wheat.The relationships of regional inoculum sources of Pst in China were further revealed according to the pathogen genetic structure coupled with an upper airflow trajectory analysis.South,center,and east of Gansu,south of Ningxia,east of Qinghai,Baoji of Shaanxi,northwest of Sichuan,and Yunnan and Guizhou plateau are close to the over-summering areas,and earlier wheat sowing was usually accompanied by early and severe wheat stripe rust in wheat autumn-sown seedlings,and the Pst inoculum sources can be spread to the plain and lower altitude areas for wheat infection in autumn nationwide,which was considered as the autumn inoculum sources of wheat stripe rust in China with an area of 0.67 million hm 2.The Chen
作者
陈万权
刘太国
CHEN Wanquan;LIU Taiguo(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu,Tianshui 741000,China)
出处
《植物保护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期50-70,共21页
Plant Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1401004)
国家小麦产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。
关键词
小麦条锈病
秋苗发病
生态区系
秋季菌源
春季菌源
区间传播
wheat stripe rust
autumn seedling infection
ecological zones
autumn inoculum sources
spring inoculum sources
inter-regional dispersal
