摘要
【目的】分析扎龙国家级自然保护区的湿地景观格局变化,探究其景观完整性与异质性特征,结合保护区的功能区划,对其各功能区景观动态进行评估,为扎龙保护区的湿地保护和管理提供科学参考。【方法】本研究基于2008年与2018年黑龙江省扎龙国家级自然保护区的TM影像数据,利用ArcGIS10.2.2软件分析保护区景观格局的时空变化情况,对土地利用变化转移进行统计,并利用Fragstats4.2软件完成各指数的计算以及分析,结合实地调查,从景观尺度上对扎龙保护区各功能区的保护成效进行评估。【结果】研究结果表明,2008—2018年扎龙保护区沼泽地的斑块数量与斑块密度均大幅度减少,景观聚集度升高,边界密度和分离度均有所下降。草地、旱地、盐碱地作为扎龙保护区次要组成斑块,其斑块数量、斑块密度、边界密度均呈现少量下降的情况,分离度均呈现上升趋势。通过对景观多样性指数分析结果表明:在景观面积基本不变的情况下,2018年保护区的景观数量为762个、斑块密度0.35个/(100 hm^(2)),均小于2008年的景观数量1304个、斑块密度0.60个/(100 hm^(2));2008—2018年期间景观香农多样性指数由1.38降至1.32,香农均度指数由0.6下降至0.57,2008—2018年扎龙保护区的蔓延度指数由66.55%上升至68.33%。从保护区各功能区的景观面积来看,实验区面积最大为78142.59 hm^(2),大于核心区71403.12 hm^(2)与缓冲区68884.65 hm^(2)。从景观数量上来看,实验区景观数量最高为595个,核心区最低为163个。由斑块密度可知,实验区斑块密度最大为0.76个/(100 hm^(2))。【结论】2008—2018年扎龙保护区景观多样性指数呈现下降趋势,景观完整性与连通性呈现上升趋势,景观的异质性呈现下降趋势,斑块类型趋于单一。保护区主要景观类型(沼泽地)聚集度升高,斑块间连通性增强,而次要斑块则出现破碎化趋势,连通性降低;2018
【Objectives】To analyze the changes in wetland landscape pattern in Zhalong National Nature Reserve,explore its landscape integrity and heterogeneity characteristics,evaluate the landscape dynamics of each functional area in combination with the functional zoning of Zhalong National Nature Reserve,and provide scientific references for wetland protection and management in Zhalong National Nature Reserve.【Methods】Based on the TM image data of Zhalong National Nature Reserve in 2008 and 2018,this study used ArcGIS10.2.2 software to analyze the spatial-temporal changes in the landscape pattern and count land use change and transfer.Fragstats 4.2 software was used to complete the calculation and analysis of each index.Combined with the field investigation,the conservation effectiveness of each functional area of Zhalong National Nature Reserve was evaluated from the landscape scale.【Results】The results showed that the patch quantity and patch density of moorlands in Zhalong National Nature Reserve decreased significantly from 2008 to 2018,the landscape aggregation degree increased,and the boundary density and separation decreased.Grassland,dryland,and saline-alkali land were the secondary components of Zhalong National Nature Reserve,and their patch number,patch density,and boundary density all decreased slightly,with the boundary separation showing an upward trend.The results of the landscape diversity index analysis showed that:with the landscape area unchanged,the number of landscapes in the nature reserve in 2018 was 762,and the patch density was 0.35,which was lower than the number of landscapes in 2008(1304 and the patch density was 0.60).From 2008 to 2018,the Shannon diversity index decreased from 1.38 to 1.32,the Shannon evenness index decreased from 0.6 to 0.57,and the contagion index of Zhalong Reserve increased from 66.55 to 68.33 from 2008 to 2018.From the perspective of the landscape area of each functional area of the reserve,the maximum area of the experimental zone was 78142.59 hm^(2),larger
作者
张明薇
吕鸿达
高世鑫
郭涛
石娟
宗诚
ZHANG Mingwei;LYU Hongda;GAO Shixin;GUO Tao;SHI Juan;ZONG Cheng(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Academy of Environmental Planning and Design,Co.Ltd.,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210000,China)
出处
《自然保护地》
CSCD
2023年第3期67-76,共10页
Natural Protected Areas
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2572020DR11)。
关键词
保护成效
功能分区
景观指数
扎龙国家级自然保护区
conservation effectiveness
functional zoning
landscape index
Zhalong National Nature Reserve
