摘要
利用2013—2018年“中国综合社会调查”数据,分析灵活就业人员阶层认同的变化趋势,探讨参与基本养老保险和基本医疗保险对不同户籍和年龄的灵活就业人员阶层认同的异质性影响。研究发现:(1)与传统正规就业相比,灵活就业人员阶层认同相对较低,且普遍存在纵向“向下偏移”的表征,即平均阶层认同水平较低且呈现出随时间不断下降的趋势。(2)参与基本养老保险对灵活就业人员的当前阶层认同具有显著的积极作用,而参与基本医疗保险对灵活就业人员的当前和预期阶层认同也具有显著的积极作用。(3)在异质性分析中,参与基本养老保险能够显著增强中老年灵活就业人员的当前阶层认同;参与基本医疗保险能够显著提高城镇灵活就业人员的当前和预期阶层认同。基于此,提出消除灵活就业人员参保的制度壁垒,建立和完善缴费激励和转移接续机制,增强低收入灵活就业人员的缴费能力以及完善多层次社会保障体系等政策建议。
Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey(2013~2018),this study analyzes the trends of the identification of the flexible employment class and explores the heterogeneous effects of the participation in the basic old-age insurance and the basic medical insurance on the identification of the flexible employment class varied by household registration and age.The findings show that:(1)compared with traditional full-time employment,the identification of the flexible working class is relatively lower,and has widely existed characteristics of longitudinal"downward shift",i.e.,the average class identification level is lower and presents a trend of decreasing over time;(2)the participation in the basic old-age insurance has a signification positive effect on the present class identification of the flexible employment personnel,whereas the participation in the social medical insurance also has a significant positive effect on the present and expected class identification of the flexible employment personnel;(3)in the heterogeneity analysis,to participate in the social old-age insurance can significantly improve the current class identification of the middle-and old-aged flexible employment individuals,whereas to participate in the social medical insurance can significantly improve the present and expected class identification of the rural flexible employment personnel.Therefore,this paper puts forward such policy suggestions as removing the institutional barriers to the flexible workers'participation in the social insurance,establishing and improving the payment incentive and transfer mechanism,enhancing the payment capacity of the low-income flexible workers,and improving the multi-level social security system.
作者
张寅凯
张雪
薛惠元
ZHANG Yin-kail;ZHANG Xue;XUE Hui-yuan(University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《江西财经大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期51-65,共15页
Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“人口老龄化与长寿风险管理的理论与政策研究”(13&ZD163)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“养老保障制度促进共同富裕的路径机制与改革策略研究”(22JJD630014)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“我国农村健康扶贫成效评估及长效机制创新研究”(22YJC630085)。
关键词
灵活就业
阶层认同
基本养老保险
基本医疗保险
flexible employment
class identification
basic old-age insurance
basic medical insurance
