摘要
个人数据权与隐私权在欧洲区域被认为是两项独立的人权,但是囿于《欧洲人权公约》并未规定个人数据权的事实,欧洲人权法院通过保障隐私数据的方式将部分个人数据权纳入隐私权进行保障。实践中,欧洲人权法院通过扩大对“私生活”概念的解释,不仅将隐私数据认定为隐私权的保护对象,而且还将能够间接识别出个人身份的部分非隐私数据也纳入了隐私权的保障领域。欧洲人权法院通过保障隐私数据拓展了隐私权的保障范围,通过吸纳《关于个人数据自动化处理的个人保护公约》的标准确立了个人数据权的权利内容,使得两项权利实现互动。欧洲人权法院的实践表明,个人数据权源于隐私权,两者不仅在内容上存在交叉,而且都具有保障私生活自由的价值底蕴;同时由于个人数据权还承载一定的财产价值和公共属性,是对隐私权的继承和超越,两者在保障人的尊严层面达到统一。欧洲人权法院的实践对我国明确个人数据权保障体系的基本价值、落实个人数据权与隐私权的制度界分、厘清二者的适用关系具有重要的参考意义。
The right to personal data and the right to privacy are considered as two separate human rights in Europe.However,limited by the fact that the European Convention on Human Rights does not stipulate the right to personal data,the European Court of Human Rights(the Court)has protected part of the right to personal data by safeguarding private data.By expanding the interpretation of the concept of“private life”,the Court not only recognized private data as object of the right to privacy,but also recognized that non-private data which can indirectly identify individuals were also protected by the right to privacy.The Court has enabled the interaction between the two rights in terms of expanding the scope of the right to privacy by safeguarding private data and establishing the content of the right to personal data by absorbing the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data.The practice of the Court has showed that the right to personal data originated from the right to privacy.The two rights not only overlap in content,but also have the same value of protecting the freedom of private life.Meanwhile,because the right to personal data carries certain public attributes and the purpose of circulation and property value,it has inherited and surpassed the right to privacy,and finally the two rights have achieved uniformity in the protection of human dignity.The practice of the Court is of great benefi t for China to establishing the basic value of the right to personal data protection system,implementing the institutional boundaries between the right to personal data and the right to privacy,and clarifying the applicable levels of two rights.
出处
《人权研究》
2023年第3期80-95,共16页
Chinese Journal of Human Rights
基金
教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“5G时代对于隐私权的保护研究”(项目号:19JJD820008)。
关键词
个人数据权
隐私权
欧洲人权法院
《关于个人数据处理中的个人
保护的现代化公约》
the right to personal data
the right to privacy
the European Court of Human Rights
Modernized Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data
