摘要
运动协同是动作控制领域中的核心问题,非受控流形(uncontrolledmanifold,UCM)理念的提出,极大地促进了人们对运动协同的认知。研究回顾了UCM协同的起源、基本理念和分析过程,以及与其他协同理论的比较,并重点探讨了:1)UCM协同的神经控制部位和控制模型。UCM协同的神经控制部位不是大脑皮质,而是皮质下结构。其控制模型包括反馈控制模型、对照设置模型以及前馈控制模型等。行为学层面的UCM协同是神经控制,外力、关节之间的互动力矩,多关节肌肉耦合不同关节所产生的力矩等因素共同作用的结果。2)UCM协同在技能学习、神经性疾病的诊断和康复、健康老龄化、儿童动作发展以及运动(职业)技能控制等领域的应用。UCM协同的量化指标,能有效区分运动技能学习过程中的阶段差异,以及神经病患与正常人群的差异,不同年龄、不同技能水平等的群体差异。据此提出未来值得关注的研究方向:1)寻找无损且能直接干预脑深部神经区域的技术。2)应用环节互动的动力学方法,验证产生UCM协同的主要来源是否来自于各环节之间的互动力矩和多关节之间的耦合。3)从UCM协同的角度深入探索高水平运动员的运动控制机制。4)探索提高特定运动技能协同能力的方法和手段。
Motor synergies is the core issue in the field of motor control,and the concept of uncontrolled manifold(UCM)has greatly promoted the cognition of motor synergies.This study reviewed the origin,basic concept and analysis process of UCM synergies,and compared with other synergy theories.The following issues were discussed in this study:1)Neural control structure and control model of UCM synergies.The evidences show that the neural control sites of UCM synergies is not the cerebral cortex,but the subcortical structure.Its control model includes feedback control model,referent configuration model and feedforward control model.UCM synergies in behavioral level is the result of neural control,external force,interaction torque between joints and torque generated by multi joint muscles coupling different joints.2)Application of UCM synergies in the fields of skill learning,diagnosis and rehabilitation of neurological diseases,healthy aging,motor development of children,and motor(vocational)skill control.The quantitative indicators of UCM synergies can effectively distinguish the stage differences in the learning process of motor skills,as well as the group differences between neuropathy patients and normal people,different ages and different skill levels.Future researches should focus on:1)Investigate the non-destructive technologies to interfere the deep brain regions directly.2)The intersegmental dynamics can be used to verify whether the interaction torque between segments and coupling of multi joint muscles to different joints is the main source of UCM synergies from the perspective of biomechanics.3)More researches are needed to explore the motor control mechanism of high-level athletes from the perspective of UCM synergies.4)Explore methods to improve the synergy ability of specific skills in sports.
作者
杨宗青
米靖
周松芳
万祥林
张强峰
YANG Zongqing;MI Jing;ZHOU Songfang;WAN Xianglin;ZHANG Qiangfeng(College of Physical Education,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410012,China;Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation in Hunan Province,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410012,China;Sports Public Service Research Base in Hunan Province,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410012,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic,Guangzhou 510430,China)
出处
《体育科学》
北大核心
2023年第5期71-88,共18页
China Sport Science
关键词
非受控流形
变异
协同
运动控制
uncontrolled manifold
variability
synergies
motor control
