摘要
为探究长期平衡施肥和秸秆覆盖对紫色土坡耕地土壤养分及其化学计量比的影响,以垫江县长期农田氮磷流失监测点为研究样地,设置3个处理:常规模式(CK)、平衡施肥模式(M1)和平衡施肥+秸秆覆盖模式(M2),每个处理各设3个重复,共建立9个小区(长7 m×宽3 m),并于2018、 2019和2020年采集土样,研究不同处理下碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)含量及其化学计量变化特征.结果表明,2018年不同处理之间K含量差异显著,大小顺序为:CK>M2>M1;2019年不同处理之间硝态氮(NO-3-N)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)含量差异显著,表现为:M1>M2>CK;其他养分含量在同一年份不同处理之间差异均不显著.不同年份间各处理的土壤C和N含量差异不显著.2018年各处理中K含量均显著高于其他年份,其中,2018年的CK、 M1和M2分别比2019年和2020年高78.26%和98.79%, 19.13%和35.4%, 54.49%和41.76%. P含量在CK和M2处理中均随着年份增大而减小,且2018年分别比2019年高20.29%和10.67%,比2020年高39.68%和17.33%.各处理不同年份间速效钾(AK)含量无显著差异,而NO-3-N和NH+4-N和速效磷(AP)含量差异显著,且均在2020年最高.土壤C∶P、 C∶K、 N∶P、 N∶K和P∶K在不同年份间都表现出显著差异(P<0.05).土壤C∶K、 N∶K和AN∶AP分别于2018年和2019年在不同施肥模式间差异显著(P<0.05).土壤C与N及P与K之间呈显著的线性正相关;土壤C∶K与C∶P、 N∶K、 N∶P和P∶K之间,N∶K与C∶P、 P∶K和N∶P之间,N∶P与C∶P之间都呈显著的线性正相关;土壤P与C∶K和N∶K之间呈显著的线性负相关.土壤NO-3-N与NH+4-N、 AN∶AP和AN∶AK之间,NH+4-N与AN∶AP和AN∶AK之间,AP与AK和AP∶AK之间,AN∶AP与AN∶AK之间都呈极显著正相关.研究发现平衡施肥+秸秆覆盖是紫色土坡耕地较为适宜的管理模式.
To explore the effects of long⁃term balanced fertilization and straw mulching on soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios in purple soil sloping cropland,nine plots(length 7 m×width 3 m)were established in Dianjiang County as the research sample area of long⁃term farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss monitoring.The following three treatments were set up:conventional mode(CK),balanced fertilization mode(M1),and balanced fertilization+straw mulching mode(M2),with three replications for each treatment to compare the contents of carbon(C),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)and their stoichiometric changes under different treatments from 2018 to 2020.The results showed:K contents showed significant differences among the three treatments in 2018,in the order of CK>M2>M1.NO-3⁃N and NH+4⁃N contents showed significant differences among the three treatments in 2019,both in the order of M1>M2>CK.Other nutrient contents showed no significant difference among different treatments each year.Soil C and N contents showed non⁃significant differences among different years.The total K contents of CK,M1,and M2 in 2018 were significantly higher than that in other years and were 78.26%and 98.79%,19.13%and 35.4%,and 54.49%and 41.76%higher than that in 2019 and 2020,respectively.The total P content in the CK and M2 treatments decreased with years,and that of CK and M2 in 2018 was 20.29%and 10.67%and 39.68%and 17.33%higher than that in 2019 and 2020,respectively.The available potassium(AK)content of the three treatments showed non⁃significant differences among different years,whereas the contents of nitrate nitrogen(NO-3⁃N),ammonium nitrogen(NH+4⁃N),and available phosphorus(AP)showed significant differences among the different treatments,with all being the highest in 2020.Soil C∶P,C∶K,N∶P,N∶K,and P∶K ratios of each treatment showed significant differences among different years(P<0.05).Soil C∶K,N∶K,and AN∶AP ratios all showed significant differences among different fertilization modes in 2018 and 20
作者
张高宁
徐绮雯
何丙辉
李天阳
冯梦蝶
梁珂
ZHANG Gao-ning;XU Qi-wen;HE Bing-hui;LI Tian-yang;FENG Meng-die;LIANG Ke(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期5135-5144,共10页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20326)
农田氮磷流失及农田地膜残留污染监测评价项目(120A0701)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(SWU-KT22060)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202100212)。
关键词
秸秆覆盖
长期施肥
配施有机肥
养分含量
氮素盈余
straw mulching
long⁃term fertilization
combined application of organic fertilizer
nutrient content
nitrogen surplus
