摘要
传统聚落景观基因的适应性表达与地域差异,为文化地理文化生态视角的重要问题。以湘江流域64个传统民居的平面形态为研究对象,构建原型基因-类型-区系综合分析法,探究围合型基因、方正形基因、中轴对称性基因三类原型基因在传统民居平面形态类型上的适应性表达及空间分异。结果发现:①中上游低纬度的大部分区域,主要分布“一明两暗”型、天井型两种类型,传统民居平面形态方正,差异性较小,以适应集中的聚落格局;下游及沿干流上溯的部分区域,主要分布附院式“一明两暗”型、开口式三合型、附院式天井型、附院式大屋型、中庭式大屋型、附院中庭式大屋型六种类型,传统民居平面形态多样,差异性较大,以适应相对离散的聚落格局;两个区系的分界线,大致在越城岭-阳明山-大义山-八面山一带。②原型基因在两个区系有两种潜在表达路径,以适应不同区域不同家庭或家族需求,一种是“一明两暗”型向天井型转变,另一种是附院式“一明两暗”型向开口式三合型或附院式天井型转变,继而向附院式大屋型转变,最后向中庭式大屋型或附院中庭式大屋型转变。
The adaptive expression of traditional settlement landscape genes and regional differences are important issues from the perspective of cultural geography and cultural ecology.In this study,64 traditional residential houses in the Xiangjiang River Basin were selected as the research object,a comprehensive analysis of archetype gene-type-area method was constructed to explore the adaptive expression and spatial differentiation of three archetype genes,namely,enclosed type gene,square conformal gene and axial symmetry gene,on the plane morphological types of traditional dwellings.The results show that:(1)In the low latitudes region of middle and upper reaches,there are mainly two types:"one light and two dark"type and patio type.The traditional residential buildings are square in plane shape with little difference,which can adapt to the concentrated settlement pattern.In the downstream and some areas along the main stream,there are mainly six types:attached-courtyard“one light and two dark”type,open“three-in-one”type,attached-courtyard patio type,attached-courtyard large house type,attached-atrium large house type and attached-atrium-courtyard large house type.The traditional dwellings have various plane forms and great differences to adapt to the relatively discrete settlement pattern.The boundary between the two areas is roughly in the area of Yuecheng Ridge,Yangming Mountain,Dayi Mountain and Bamian Mountain.(2)There are two potential expression paths of archetype genes in the two communities to adapt to the needs of different families in different regions.One is the transition from“one light and two dark”type to patio type,the other is the transition from attached-courtyard“one light and two dark”type to open“three-in-one”type or attached-courtyard patio type,and then to attachedcourtyard large house type,and finally to the attached-atrium large house type or attachedatrium-courtyard large house type.
作者
印朗川
刘沛林
YIN Langchuan;LIU Peilin(School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;UNESCO HIST ChangshaWorkstation,Changsha 410022,China;Rural Vitalization Institute,Changsha University,Changsha 410022,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期2191-2210,共20页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42071195)
湖南省哲学社会科学规划基地项目(22JD051)。
关键词
传统民居
景观基因
原型
类型
空间分异
湘江流域
traditional dwelling
landscape gene
archetype
type
spatial differentiation
Xiangjiang River Basin
