摘要
北山地下实验室是我国建设的首座高放废物地质处置地下实验室,是列入我国国民经济和社会发展“十三五”规划的国家重点项目。该项目于2019年5月获得立项批复、2021年6月正式开工、2022年5月主体工程正式开挖。这标志着我国高放废物地质处置工作全面进入全新的地下实验室建设及研发阶段。北山地下实验室位于甘肃省酒泉市西北的戈壁深处。主体工程由主竖井、螺旋斜坡道和两层试验水平组成。主竖井直径6 m,深590 m。螺旋斜坡道直径7.03 m,长约7.0 km,坡度10%,水平转弯半径255 m,采用隧道掘进机开挖,是世界上首条采用隧道掘进机开挖的螺旋斜坡道。自开工以来,关键设备建造、工程建设和相关科研工作取得了重大进展。用于螺旋斜坡道开挖的“北山1号”掘进机,也是世界首台大坡度小转弯隧道掘进机。该设备于2022年9月研制、制造成功,并于2022年12月正式开掘。截至2023年6月30日,主竖井开挖至280 m深,斜坡道掘进至1628 m,位于280 m深的水平试验巷道已经开挖完成100 m。与工程建设配套的科研工作,包括地质编录、水文地质编录、岩体质量评价、地下水监测和生态环境监测等均稳步推进。研究结果表明:地下实验室场址花岗岩完整、裂隙稀少、岩体质量好,开挖的地下巷道稳定。地下水稀少,主要赋存在裂隙密集带中,具有典型的干旱地区花岗岩裂隙地下水的特征。北山地下实验室预计于2027年建成,这将为填补我国在高放废物安全领域研发平台空白、攻克高放废物地质处置这一世界性难题提供试验平台和基础。
Beishan underground research laboratory(URL)is the first URL for geological disposal of high level radioactive waste(HLW)in China.Its also a national key construction project listed in the“13^(th) Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of China”.The proposal to construct the Beishan URL was approved by China Atomic Energy Authority in May 2019,while it was officially started construction in June 2021,and the main parts of the project started excavation in May 2022.It symbolized that Chinas efforts in geological disposal of HLW entered into a new phase,i.e.the phase of construction of URL and R&D in URL.The Beishan URL is located in the Gobi area of Jiuquan prefecture of Gansu province,and its main parts include main shaft,spiral ramp,and 2 horizontal tunnels.The main shaft has a diameter of 6 m,with depth of 560 m.The spiral ramp has a diameter of 7.03 m,length of 7.0 km,inclination of 10%and horizontal turning radius of 255 m,while it is excavated by Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM).That ramp is the first-ever spiral ramp that will be excavated by TBM.Since the start of construction,great progresses have been made in key equipment manufacture,excavation of main shaft and ramp and associated R&D.The“Beishan-1”TBM used for excavation of the ramp,is the first-ever TBM that is capable of operating in steep slope and with small turning radius.It was successfully designed and manufactured in September 2022,and put into operation in Beishan in December 2022.As of 30th June,2023,the ramp has reached 1628 m long,while the main shaft has reached 280 m deep,and the horizontal tunnel at the depth of 280 m has been excavated 100 m.The associated R&D include geological mapping,hydrogeological mapping,rock mass quality assessment,groundwater monitoring,ecological environmental monitoring and significant progress has been made.The results show that the rock mass is characterized by good significant integrity,rare fractures,good rock quality,and host rock stability.The groundwater mainly occurs in f
作者
王驹
陈亮
苏锐
周志超
赵星光
田霄
季瑞利
马洪素
WANG Ju;CHEN Liang;SU Rui;ZHOU Zhichao;ZHAO Xingguang;TIAN Xiao;JI Ruili;MA Hongsu(Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《世界核地质科学》
CAS
2023年第S01期473-490,共18页
World Nuclear Geoscience
基金
中国国家原子能机构核设施退役和治理专项(编号:科工二司[2019]434号)资助。
关键词
北山地下实验室
高放废物
地质处置
“北山1号”岩石掘进机
斜坡道
Beishan underground research laboratory
high-level radioactive waste
geological disposal
“Beishan-1”Tunnel Boring Machine
spiral ramp
