摘要
近年来,日本国内法院适用条约的实践逐渐增多。日本宪法规定日本必须诚实遵守条约,为日本国内法院适用条约提供了基础,具有一定原则性。但这不意味着条约可以必然直接适用于当事人之间纠纷的解决。关于条约是否可以获得直接适用,日本国内法院在司法实践中显示出基于条约“直接适用可能性”理论,从主观标准和客观标准两大方面进行判断的现象。以人权条约的适用为考察对象,日本国内法院在“直接适用可能性”理论的基础上,也会在个案中具体裁量条约的适用方式。在一些情况下,日本国内法院会运用“解释性适用”条约的方法,以人权条约的规定解释国内法,从而使国内法的人权保护水平与人权条约的规定相一致。日本国内法院条约适用的实践反映出一国与条约相关的做法应符合本国的历史传统和法律制度。
In recent years,there has been a gradual increase in the practice of treaty application by Japanese courts.The Japanese Constitution stipulates that Japan shall honor treaties in good faith,providing a basis for Japanese courts to apply treaties to a certain extent.However,this does not imply that treaties can always be directly applied to settle disputes between parties.Japanese courts,in their judicial practice,have demonstrated a tendency to make judgments on the"possibility of direct application"of a treaty using both subjective and objective criteria.When examining the application of human rights treaties,Japanese courts have also rendered specific judgments on how these treaties should be applied in individual cases,guided by the theory of the"possibility of direct application".In some cases,Japanese courts have employed the method of"interpretative application"of treaties to interpret domestic law in accordance with the provisions of human rights treaties,thus ensuring alignment between the standards of human rights protection in domestic law and the treaties.The application of human rights treaties by Japanese courts underscores the importance of maintaining consistency between a country's historical tradition and its legal system when applying treaties.
作者
韩永红
林子博
Han Yonghong;Lin Zibo
出处
《国际法研究》
2023年第4期146-160,共15页
Chinese Review of International Law
基金
最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治背景下的国际条约适用问题研究”(ZGFYZDKT202111-04)的阶段性成果。
关键词
条约适用
日本国内法院
直接适用
间接适用
解释性适用
Treaty Application
Domestic Courts in Japan
Direct Application
Indirect Application
InterpretativeApplication
