摘要
高效统筹经济增长和“双碳”目标、实现绿色可持续的高质量发展,是各界普遍关注的重要话题。理论研究发现,通过提高企业间二氧化碳排放的配置效率,可以在不改变碳排放总量的前提下提高经济总产出,降低碳排放强度。具体而言,本文在资源错配与产出损失测算框架下,将二氧化碳作为一种投入要素,考虑不同要素之间的替代弹性,量化企业在碳排放相关的能源市场和规制政策扭曲下面临的碳排放影子价格、碳排放错配程度及其宏观经济影响。使用2008—2012年中国税务调查数据中的制造业企业数据测算,结果表明不同行业的碳排放影子价格扭曲程度存在差异,总体变化呈倒U型趋势。反事实分析发现,如果完全消除碳排放影子价格扭曲,总产出可以提高50%左右,且不同行业的产出收益及其变化幅度存在差异。扭曲的影响因素分析表明,现阶段碳减排应重点关注中小企业、高龄企业、中西部地区企业、国有和外资企业,以及重点能耗行业内的企业。基于优化碳排放配置效率的视角,本文的研究结果为实现经济增长与“双碳”目标的动态平衡和加快构建适应中国式现代化的绿色发展机制提供了有益的政策启示。
Striking a balance between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction remains a global challenge for developing countries.Consequently,under the dual impacts of deteriorating external development environment and domestic economic slowdown,coordinating economic growth and the“dual carbon”goals becomes a core issue for high-quality economic development in China.This article finds that by improving the allocation efficiency of carbon emissions among enterprises,it is possible to increase total output and reduce carbon intensity without altering total carbon emissions.Specifically,within the framework of resource misallocation and output loss estimation,carbon dioxide is regarded as an input factor,and the substitution elasticity among different factors is considered.This allows for the quantification of carbon emissions shadow prices,the degree of carbon emissions misallocation,and their macroeconomic impacts on enterprises under distortions caused by energy market conditions and regulatory policies related to carbon emissions.Using data from the China Tax Survey of manufacturing enterprises for the period 2008—2012,this article finds that the distortion levels of carbon emissions shadow prices vary across different industries and generally follow an inverted U-shaped trend.Counterfactual analysis reveals that eliminating the distortion in carbon emissions shadow prices can lead to an increase of around 50%in total output.The distortions in carbon emission shadow prices are relatively severe among senior-aged firms,firms in the central and western regions,state-owned and foreign-funded firms,as well as firms in key energyconsuming industries.Statistical inference using a Bootstrap method supports the significance of the results at conventional levels of statistical significance and the findings are robust across different specifications.The research findings indicate the following policy implications.Firstly,it is crucial to actively promote the construction of a unified energy market,restore the commodity
作者
杨豪
潘颖豪
才国伟
YANG Hao;PAN Ying-hao;CAI Guo-wei(Business School,Sichuan University;National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University)
出处
《中国工业经济》
北大核心
2023年第7期46-65,共20页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国外部资产的宏观经济效应与货币政策优化调整”(批准号72073147)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“信贷融资寻租与资本要素错配:作用机理和宏观经济效应研究”(批准号21YJC790143)。
关键词
碳排放
能源市场
环境规制
要素错配
carbon emissions
energy market
environmental regulation
resource misallocation
