摘要
【目的】合理的氮肥用量和运筹能够有效提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率。明确氮肥用量和运筹对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响可为水稻高产高效生产提供理论指导。【方法】基于119篇已发表的有关稻田氮肥管理的论文,采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)的方法量化了不同施氮量、基肥+分蘖肥、穗肥、种植区域和土壤性质等条件下氮肥管理对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响,并探究了我国各水稻主产区提高产量构成因子以获得高产的适宜措施。【结果】与不施氮肥相比,施用氮肥能够显著提高水稻实际产量(+42.2%)和理论产量(+43.1%),有效穗数和每穗粒数分别增加了33.2%和13.5%,而结实率和千粒重分别下降了4.2%和1.6%。在不同施氮量和氮肥运筹下,水稻产量及其构成因子存在显著差异。水稻实际和理论产量在施氮量为150~200 kg/hm^(2)时增幅最大,有效穗数和每穗粒数在施氮量为250~300 kg/hm^(2)时增幅最大。另外,随着施氮量的增加,水稻的结实率和千粒重显著下降。基肥+分蘖肥的氮比例(基肥+分蘖肥占总施氮量的比例)为30%~50%和穗肥氮比例为10%~30%时,水稻增产幅度最大;基肥+分蘖肥氮比例(≤70%)增加,水稻有效穗数的提升幅度呈上升趋势,而每穗粒数和结实率的提升幅度呈下降趋势;穗肥氮比例(穗肥占总施氮量的比例)增加(≤30%),每穗粒数和结实率的提升幅度呈上升趋势。对于不同稻区而言,水稻产量及其构成因子的提升幅度存在显著差异,主要表现为东北单季稻区产量增幅最大,长江流域单双季稻区次之,南方单双季稻区和云贵川湘高原单季稻区最小。所有稻区均通过增加有效穗数和穗粒数以获得高产。水稻实际和理论产量的增幅受SOM(土壤有机质)影响较小,各SOM水平间的增幅差异不超过4.39%和2.26%,而受土壤TN(总氮)、AN(有效氮)、AP(有效磷)、AK(速效钾)的含量变化影响较大,但亚�
【Objective】Moderate nitrogen(N)fertilizer rate and operation can effectively improve rice yield and N use efficiency.Clarifying the effects of N rate fertilizer rate and operation on rice yield and its components can provide theoretical guidance for high yield and high efficiency for rice.【Methods】Based on 119 published articles on N fertilizer management in rice fields,a meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the effects of N management on rice yield and its components under different total N rates,basal fertilizer+tillering fertilizer,topdressing for panicle initiation,planting areas and soil properties,and explored the appropriate measures to improve yield components to get high yield in major Chinese rice production areas.【Results】Compared with no N fertilizer application,N fertilizer application can significantly increase the actual yield(+42.2%)and theoretical yield(+43.1%),effective panicle number and grain number per panicle increased by 33.2%and 13.5%,respectively,while the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased by 4.2%and 1.6%,respectively.There were significant differences in rice yield and its components under different N rates and N operations.The actual and theoretical yield of rice increased significantly at the N rate of 150-200 kg/hm^(2),while the effective panicle number and grain number per panicle increased most at the N rate of 250-300 kg/hm^(2).In addition,with the increase of N rates,the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased significantly.When the ratio of basal fertilizer+tillering fertilizer to the total nitrogen application was 30%-50%and the N ratio of panicle fertilizer was 10%-30%,the rice yield peaked,while increasing the ratio of basal fertilizer+tillering fertilizer(≤70%)can significantly increase effective panicle number,but reduce grain number per panicle and seed setting rate.And,increasing the ratio of topdressing for panicle initiation(≤30%)can increase grain number per panicle and seed setting rate.For different rice growing regions,th
作者
肖大康
胡仁
韩天富
张卫峰
侯俊
任科宇
XIAO Dakang;HU Ren;HAN Tianfu;ZHANG Weifeng;HOU Jun;REN Keyu(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet land of Ministry of Education,Jingzhou 434025,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081,China;College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期529-542,共14页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32372821)
湖北省重点研发计划资助项目(2022BBA002)
衢州市农业农村局委托项目(衢农合2022-31)。
关键词
氮肥管理
水稻
产量
产量构成因子
整合分析
nitrogen fertilizer management
rice
yield
yield components
meta-analysis
