摘要
植物最外层胚乳细胞在种子发育过程中分化为糊粉层细胞,其在形态和生理功能上均显著区别于内胚乳细胞。与淀粉胚乳不同,糊粉层富含蛋白质、脂类、维生素、膳食纤维、矿质元素和抗氧化物等多种营养物质。同时,在种子萌发过程中,糊粉层细胞能够分泌淀粉酶和蛋白酶分解种子内积累的储藏物质,为种子萌发提供能量。目前利用突变体材料,克隆了一些控制糊粉层细胞分化的关键基因,相关研究极大深化了我们对糊粉层细胞命运决定的认识。同时,由于糊粉层富含各种营养物质,增加糊粉层细胞层数可以作为改良谷物营养品质的一个重要手段。本文主要以水稻及其他谷类作物为例,系统介绍了糊粉层细胞分化和发育的过程,并对其遗传调控机制进行总结梳理,同时对利用糊粉层相关性状进行稻米品质改良可能存在的问题及其对策进行了探讨。
The outmost layer of endosperm cells differentiates into alleurone cells during seed development,which distinguish themselves from the inner endosperm cells morphologically and physiologically.For example,the aleurone layer is rich in proteins,lipids,vitamins,dietary fibers and mineral elements.The aleurone cells secrete amylase and protease for hydrolyzing reserves accumulated in the endosperm.Several key genes involved in the regulation of aleurone cell differentiation and development have been identified with the mutants showing aleurone defects,deepening our understanding of the aleurone cell fate determination.It has been proposed that increasing the number of aleurone layers may help improve nutritional quality of cereals.In this review,taking rice as an example,we summarized the differentiation and development regulations of aleurone in cereals.We also discussed the potentials,issues and possible solutions for breeding high-nutrition cereals by improving the aleurone-related traits.
作者
王腾蛟
陈忱
WANG Tengjiao;CHEN Chen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期459-469,共11页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32170344)
江苏省杰出青年基金资助项目(BK20180047)
江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(NY-142)。
关键词
糊粉层
糊粉层细胞
分化
遗传调控
营养品质改良
aleurone layer
aleurone cell
cell differentiation
genetic regulation
nutrition improvement
