摘要
微胶囊是指由高分子材料包埋而成的具有蛋壳式的微型容器,这种结构具有提高芯材的稳定性和控制芯材缓慢释放的能力。壁材对微胶囊的性能有至关重要的影响,但在倡导绿色可持续发展理念的今天,以天然可生物降解聚合物为壁材的微胶囊得到了更为广泛的关注。天然可生物降解聚合物具有微胶囊壁材所需的机械强度、溶解度、乳化性和稳定性等特性,所制备的微胶囊在医疗、药物、食品以及化妆品等行业有广阔的应用前景。用于微胶囊壁材的天然可生物降解聚合物主要分为多糖类、蛋白质类及脂类三种类型,本文综述了近年来天然可生物降解聚合物壁材的相关文献,详细讨论了各种壁材的功能特性、封装原理、微囊化技术和应用场景。总结指出,成本相对较低的多糖类物质制备的微胶囊水分散性更好,释放速率更快且芯材的利用度更高;而蛋白质类物质乳化性能突出,制备的微胶囊通常具有更高的包封效率和装载量;脂类物质在包封亲水性物质方面具有良好的特性。在工业化制备微胶囊的过程中,采用天然可生物降解聚合物复合壁材可能会逐渐成为主流。对现有天然可生物降解聚合物进行无害化改性,最终通过分子自组装实现对芯材的有效包封已经成为最新的研究热点。
Microcapsules are micro-containers with polymer eggshells.The stability and freshness of the embedded core material of such capsules can be improved,and the release rate of the core material can be controlled effectively.However,the microcapsule wall material critically affects the final performance of a microcapsule.In this context,from the green and sustainable development perspective,the use of microcapsules with natural biodegradable polymer wall materials is gaining increasing attention.The mechanical strength,solubility,emulsification,and stability of natural biodegradable polymers meet the requirements of microencapsulation walls.Therefore,microcapsules fabricated using natural biodegradable polymers have promising application prospects in the medical,pharmaceutical,food,and cosmetic industries.Three groups of biodegradable polymers,polysaccharides,proteins and lipids,are prevalently used as natural microcapsule wall materials.This study reviews the recent literature on the use of natural biodegradable polymers as microencapsulated wall materials and discusses in detail their functional properties,encapsulation principles,microencapsulation techniques,and application prospects.It was concluded that the microcapsules prepared using polysaccharides have a low cost,better water dispersion,faster release rate,and higher utilization of core materials.The proteins have an excellent emulsification property,which results in a higher encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the protein-wall microcapsules.The lipids exhibit excellent performance in the encapsulation of hydrophilic substances.Therefore,the use of various natural biodegradable polymers as microcapsule walls should be mainstreamed in the industrial preparation of microcapsules.The investigation of the harmless modification of natural biodegradable polymers and their microencapsulation processes through molecular self-assembly are possible future research hotspots.
作者
曹金安
王景平
徐友龙
邵亮
郭思琪
王学川
CAO Jin'an;WANG Jingping;XU Youlong;SHAO Liang;GUO Siqi;WANG Xuechuan(Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials&Devices,Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramics and Devices,Ministry of Education,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;College of Bioresources Chemical&Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China)
出处
《材料导报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第18期221-239,共19页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(22078183)
陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2021GY-238)。
关键词
微胶囊
壁材
天然可生物降解性聚合物
多糖
蛋白质
脂类
microcapsule
wall material
natural biodegradable polymer
polysaccharide
protein
lipids
