摘要
绿水通过蒸散发、大气水输送和陆地降水过程形成陆地内循环,是连接水圈、大气圈、生物圈、人类圈等地球圈层的重要环节。对绿水陆地内循环的有限认知将低估人类活动对水和生态的影响。本文研究中国范围内绿水陆地内循环的格局以及自然和人类生态系统对其的作用。结果表明,2000—2018年中国绿水陆地内循环具有内循环率高(50.4%)和内循环量大(2.75万亿m^(3)/a)的总体特点,存在由南向北、由西南向东北、西部以内循环为主的“三线”输送格局。其中,以草地为主的青藏高原为中国绿水陆地内循环提供了最多的水量(约8000亿m^(3)/a);以森林为主的东南丘陵和云贵川地区是辐射范围最广的绿水供应区;以耕地为主的长江中下游平原和以草地为主的黄土高原分别是绿水由南向北、由西南向东北输送的枢纽。中国绿水陆地内循环格局由生态系统、大气环流等大尺度地理系统决定,充分认识绿水循环的战略意义在于:①绿水陆地内循环是中国水循环的“国内大循环”,是构建治水“全国一盘棋”新局面的着力点;②绿水陆地内循环是水循环与“山水林田湖草沙”的紧密纽带,是践行“山水林田湖草沙”系统治理的重要抓手;③绿水陆地内循环与跨流域调水和虚拟水转移构成中国跨流域水转移的主要过程,三者的科学统筹与协调是实现中国水资源与经济发展“空间均衡”的新方案。
Terrestrial recycling of green water,which is created through a continuous cycle of evapotranspiration,atmospheric transport,and terrestrial precipitation,serves as bridges connecting hydrosphere,atmosphere,biosphere,and anthroposphere.Limited knowledge of terrestrial recycling may underestimate the impact of human activities on water and ecology.This study focuses on the structure of China's green water recycling(CGWR)and quantifies the contributions of natural and human ecosystems.Results indicate a high green water recycling ratio(50.4%)and a large recycled amount(2.75 trillion m^(3)/a)over China,with significant south-to-north transport structures over eastern China,southwest-to-northeast transport structures from southwestern China to northern China,and high self-recycling structures in western China.The grassland-dominated Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provides the largest amount of green water(about 800 billion m^(3)/a)and serves as the most critical region for CGWR.The forest-dominated southern hilly region and Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan region play a crucial role in supplying green water to a wide area of China.The cropland-dominated Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain and the grassland-dominated Loess Plateau are the key hubs for south-to-north and southwest-to-northeast transport of green water.The structure of CGWR is driven by large-scale geosystems such as ecosystems and atmospheric circulation systems,and has strategic implications in the following three aspects.First,CGWR serves as the"domestic cycle"of water,based on which a general domestic-level water governance framework can be established.Second,CGWR is a representative picture of the water-related processes in the Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland-Desert(MRFFLGD)system and serves as a critical pivot to actualize the conservation and improvement of the MRFFLGD system.Finally,CGWR,together with inter-basin water resources transfer and virtual water transfer,forms a complete picture of China's inter-basin water transfer.The scientific coordination and i
作者
王光谦
张宇
谢笛
钟德钰
WANG Guangqian;ZHANG Yu;XIE Di;ZHONG Deyu(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期1641-1658,共18页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52209026)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0208)。
关键词
绿水
水循环
中国
山水林田湖草沙
系统治理
空间均衡
green water
water cycle
China
Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grass-Desert system
systematic governance
