摘要
明初,广东各府同知、通判与知府同驻府城。嘉靖三十四年后,因局部地区失序,逐渐外驻以“专其事任”,成为管控地方的重要官员。其中捕盗类同知、通判,因盗贼作乱而派至县城、乡村驻扎,又随着盗贼平息回驻府城或移驻他地,在一地平均驻扎时长约8年;海防同知只在春冬二汛外派到滨海要地驻扎,呈现出临时性和定期性特点。清康熙二年起,分防同知、通判被重新设置在重要地区,成为地方“专管官”。雍正以后,设置分防同知、通判成为地方潮流。分防同知、通判平均驻防一地的时间长达97年,且拥有管理驻地部分刑名或钱粮事务的权限。明清时期广东在特殊地区设置外驻同知、通判,完善了府县行政制度。
During the early years in the Ming Dynasty,Tongzhi(同知),Tongpan(通判)and Zhifu(知府)in Guangdong province were stationed in each cities.But after thirty-fourth year of Jiajing period(1555),these officers were stationed outside of the cities and specialized in certain affairs because of the local disorder.Tongzhi and Tongpan who specialized in policing were stationed in counties and villages averagely about 8 years.And they would return to cities or move to other regions after the rioters were pacified.Besides,Tongzhi who specialized in coastal defense were stationed in crucial coastal regions in spring and winter,which presented the temporary and periodic characteristics of Tongzhi's work in the coastal defense.Since the second year of Kangxi reign(1663),the government had set up the Tongzhi or Tongpan who stationed in strategic regions and specialized in the local affairs.After the reign of Yongzheng(雍正),the assignment of Tongzhi and Tongpan became a trend,and they were stationed in one place averagely about 97 years to manage the judicial affairs and tax collection.The practice of setting up Tongzhi and Tongpan in the crucial regions became an important complement to the administrative system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
作者
苏婷
Su Ting(Department of History(Zhuhai),Sun Yat-sen University,519082)
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
北大核心
2023年第3期91-102,共12页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
关键词
同知
通判
分防
厅
Tongzhi
Tongpan
Stationed or defensed outside
Ting((厅)
