摘要
以西北旱区为例,采用水足迹模型,分析主要农作物的耗水特点,并以水资源消耗量最小、生态安全和经济效益最大化为目标,构建以耕地资源、水资源和食物安全为约束条件的多目标规划模型对种植结构进行优化。结果表明:2000—2020年西北旱区主要作物产量增长2.41倍,种植面积增长1.24倍,粮食作物和经济作物的种植比例由2:1向1:1转变,种植结构由专一化向多样化发展;作物生产水足迹总量从838.70亿m^(3)增至1109.05亿m^(3),其中蓝水足迹占比高达79.09%,农业生产面临着巨大的水资源压力;调整作物种植结构,适当将蔬菜、薯类和豆类的种植面积提高140.593万hm2、1.863万hm^(2)和0.340万hm^(2),水资源消耗量可减少107.25亿m^(3),生态效益可提高27.47亿元,经济效益可提高470.74亿元。研究结果对促进西北旱区农业结构优化调整和水资源可持续利用具有重要的参考价值。
Northwest China is a strategic reserve area for China’s agriculture production.There are many key agricultural production areas like“the northwest breadbasket(Hexi Corridor)”,“the abundant place outside the Great Wall(Ningxia Plain)”,and“the granary beyond the Great Wall(Hetao Plain)”,produce 12%of the country's grain with 10%of the country's water resources and 15%of the grain planting area.With the rapid growth of urbanization and regional trade,the pattern of grain transpotation from the north to the south has gradually changed,and thus northwest China's role in ensuring national food security has become increasingly prominent.However,northwest China is the most water-scarce place.The total amount of water resources in this region only accounts for 5.7%of the national total,and the amount of water resources per unit area is only 15%of the national average.But agricultural irrigation water in this area accounts for more than 80%of total local water consumption,which is 1.23 times that of China.The shortage and waste of water resources in the region seriously restrict the sustainable development of agriculture.Therefore,optimizing water allocation,adjusting crop planting structure,and maximizing economic and ecological benefits have important practical significance for promoting the efficient use of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture in this region.Based on the climate data of 205 stations in northwest China from 2000 to 2020,the water footprint model was used to analyze the evolution characteristics of water consumption of main crops in northwest China.A multi-objective planning model with constraints of cultivated land resources,water resources,and food security is constructed to optimize the planting structure to minimize water consumption,ecological security,and economic benefits maximization.Results showed that(1)from 2000 to 2020,the yield of main crops increased by 1.40 times(from 70 million tons in 2000 to 168 million tons in 2020)and the planting area increased by 0
作者
张家欣
黄会平
韩宇平
邓铭江
杨涛
ZHANG Jiaxin;HUANG Huiping;HAN Yuping;DENG Mingjiang;YANG Tao(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,210098,China;Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Ecological Water Conservancy in Cold and Arid Area of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830000,China;College of Water Resources,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期751-760,共10页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
中国工程院咨询项目:西北灌区农业高效用水与生态服务功能提升策略(2022-XZ-26)
河南省软科学研究计划(222400410118)。
关键词
西北旱区
水足迹
农业种植结构优化
水安全
生态安全
食物安全
northwest China
water footprint
optimization of agricultural planting structure
water security
ecological security
food security
