摘要
目的:为摸清白族野生食用真菌资源的物种多样性、资源利用特征。方法:采用民族植物学研究方法对洱海地区白族主要野生食用真菌资源进行民族植物学调查研究。结果:白族传统野生食用菌资源丰富,共有2门5纲14目47科73属151种;包括3个优势科珊瑚菌科(Clavariaceae)、牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)和红菇科(Russulaceae),7个优势属包括木耳属(Auricularia)、鹅膏属(Amanita)、枝瑚菌属(Ramaria)、蚁巢伞属(Termitomyces)、乳菇属(Lactarius)、牛肝菌属(Boletus)和红菇属(Russula);统计的野生食用菌有6种生态类型,以外生菌根菌为主,共96种,占种总数63.58%;传统食用的烹调方法包括炒、煮、炖、煎、凉拌、腌制等10种,用炒或煮的烹饪方式最多,有142种,占种总数94.04%;食用类别包括蔬菜、食疗、调料、饮品,其中作为蔬菜食用的野生菌种类最多,有145种;采菌季从4月持续至11月,7~8月是旺季,采菌周期长并具有明显季节性特征。结论:洱海地区白族野生食用菌资源丰富,极具开发潜力。
Objective:In order to find out the species diversity and resource utilization characteristics of the wild edible fungus resources of the Bai minority.Methods:The ethnobotanical research method was used to investigate the main wild edible fungus resources of Bai minority in Erhai Lake area.Results:The results showed that the Bai minority was riched in traditional wild edible fungus resources,including 151 species,73 genera,47 families,14 orders,5 classes,2 phylums;There were 3 dominant families,including Clavariaceae,Boletaceae and Russulaceae,and 7 dominant genera,including Auricularia,Ama⁃nita,Ramaria,Termitomyces,Lactarius,Boletus and Russula;There were 6 ecological types of edible wild fungi,mainly ectomycorrhizal fungi,a total of 96 species,accounting for 63.58%;The traditional cooking methods include frying,boiling,stewing,frying,cold dishes and sousing,there were 142 kinds of fried or boiled,accounting for 94.04%;The edible categories include vegetables,food therapy,condiments and drinks.Among them,145 kinds of wild fungi were the most widely used as vegetables;Wild edible fungi were collected throughout the April to November,mainly from July to August,the collection period was long and had obvious seasonal characteristics.Conclusion:The research showed that the resources of wild edible fungi of Bai minority in Erhai Lake area were rich and had great development potential.
作者
陈光富
喻屏
Chen Guangfu;Yu Ping(Admissions and Employment Service Center,West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences,Dali 671006,China;College of Surveying and Mapping and Information Engineering,West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences,Dali 671006,China)
出处
《中国野生植物资源》
CSCD
2023年第8期95-102,共8页
Chinese Wild Plant Resources
基金
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022J1044)
云南省哲学社会科学规划项目(YB2022077)。
关键词
洱海
野生食用菌
白族
资源调查
Erhai Lake
Wild edible fungus
Bai minority
Resource survey
