摘要
以荒漠绿洲沙荒地饲用型‘近甜1号’(BJ0601)高粱(Sorghum bicolor)头茬种植的最佳水肥需求(灌溉量7800 t·hm^(−2);施肥量600 kg·hm^(−2))和栽培模式(株距×行距:23 cm×40 cm)为依据,以头茬和轮作为对照,对连作3年的‘BJ0601’生长适应性(生长发育、茎秆鲜重、种子产量和质量等)、茎秆糖含量及土壤地力(有机碳、矿质养分)变化等进行分析。结果表明:与头茬相比,‘BJ0601’轮作茎秆鲜重无显著差异(P>0.05),但种子产量(925.1 kg·hm^(−2))显著低于头茬(2029.5 kg·hm^(−2))(P<0.05)连作3年后‘BJ0601’生长适应性受到明显抑制;与头茬相比,‘BJ0601’连作3年后出苗数、成苗率及株高分别降低了11.5%、11.4%和43.7%,茎秆鲜重(57.8 t·hm^(−2))和种子产量(677.2 kg·hm^(−2))分别降低了26.4%和71.5%;各处理茎秆可溶性糖含量无显著差异。‘BJ0601’连作3年后土壤地力显著下降。与头茬和轮作相比,连作3年后‘BJ0601’根区10-20 cm土层有机碳含量降低了34.4%和36.7%,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量降低了71.9%和43.9%、85.7%和38.8%、30.9%和16.9%(其他耕作层养分变化同10-20 cm土层)。然而,在高水肥耦合(灌溉量9000 t·hm^(−2);施肥量825 kg·hm^(−2))下,‘BJ0601’连作3年茎秆鲜重(74.9 t·hm^(−2))和种子产量(962.6 kg·hm^(−2))与最佳水肥下连作3年相比分别提高了29.6%和66.3%,且茎秆鲜重和茎秆可溶性糖含量与头茬和轮作相比无显著差异。连作显著影响‘BJ0601’的生长适应性及土壤地力状况,但高水肥耦合和轮作能够减轻连作对‘BJ0601’生长的抑制作用,减缓土壤地力衰退。在荒漠绿洲区须对‘BJ0601’的灌溉施肥方式、耕作措施和栽培管理等进行综合改善,以减缓连作障碍对‘BJ0601’生长及土壤肥力造成的不利影响,才能保证‘BJ0601’高生产力和水肥资源的高效利用。
Based on the water and fertilizer demand(irrigation amount:7800 t·ha^(−1);fertilization:600 kg·ha^(−1))and cultivation mode(plant spacing×line spacing:23 cm×40 cm;planting method:one plant per hole)of forage sorghum‘Jintian No.1’(BJ0601)for the first planting in the desert oasis irrigation area of the Hexi Corridor,the effects of continuous cropping on the growth adaptability(growth and development,fresh weight of stem,and seed yield and quality),soluble sugar content of the stems,and soil fertility(organic carbon,mineral nutrients)of‘BJ0601’were studied.The first planting and rotation were used as the control.The results showed that compared with the first planting,no significant difference was found in the stem fresh weight of‘BJ0601’under rotation,but the seed yield(925.1 kg·ha^(−1))was significantly lower than that of the first planting(2029.5 kg·ha^(−1)).The growth adaptability of‘BJ0601’was significantly inhibited after 3 years of continuous cropping;compared with the first planting,the number of seedlings,seedling rate and plant height of‘BJ0601’in continuous cropping decreased by 11.5%,11.4%,and 43.7%,respectively.The stem fresh weight(57.8 t·ha^(−1))and seed yield(677.2 kg·ha^(−1))under continuous cropping decreased by 26.4%and 71.5%,respectively.No significant difference was found in the soluble sugar content of the stems among the treatments.The soil fertility of‘BJ0601’significantly decreased after 3 years of continuous cropping.Compared with the first planting and rotation,the soil organic carbon content in the rhizosphere soil(10-20 cm depth)of‘BJ0601’decreased by 34.4% and 36.7%after 3 years of continuous cropping,respectively;the contents of alkaline N,available P,and available K in the rhizosphere soil significantly decreased by 71.9%and 43.9%,85.7%and 38.8%,and 30.9%and 16.9%,respectively(the changes in the nutrients in the other soil tillage layers were the same as those in the 10-20 cm soil layers).However,under both high irrigation and fertilize
作者
丁亮
董建斌
DING Liang;DONG Jianbin(Zhangye Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation of Mati Township,Sunan County,Zhangye City,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期2140-2150,共11页
Pratacultural Science
基金
陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2023LQGR)
甘肃省科技计划资助项目(20CX9NG239)。
关键词
荒漠绿洲灌区沙荒地
饲用型高粱(BJ0601)
不同耕作方式
最佳水肥耦合
连作障碍
生长性能
土壤养分
sandy lands in oasis irrigation area
forage sorghum‘BJ0601’
different tillage methods
the optimal water and fertilizer coupling
continuous cropping barrier
growth performance
soil nutrients
