摘要
在现行法律体系下,基于警察危难救助义务与一般法定危难救助义务具有相同的法律属性,可以将《人民警察法》第21条第1款第1分句作为《民法典》第1005条的特殊规定对待。以此为前提,在法律适用上,对违反警察危难救助义务导致的损害,首先应通过《国家赔偿法》等法律确立的特别损害赔偿规则调整。对于特别规则没有规定的,可以回到作为一般法的《民法典》等确立的损害赔偿规则上来,以填补特别规则在处理警察违反危难救助义务损害赔偿责任成立和责任承担认定问题上存在的漏洞。既要让损害赔偿责任成立的构成要件与抗辩事由更加清晰而具有可操作性,也要使责任承担的赔偿范围及相应的责任分配可以与损害赔偿法的一般规则相协调。从而在现行损害赔偿法秩序内外部体系融贯的视角下,落实立法者规定警察危难救助义务保护社会秩序和公民合法权益的目标。
The current legal system treats the first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 21 of the Police Law as a special provision of Article 1005 of the Civil Code.This is because the duty to rescue imposed on the police carries the same legal attributes as the general statutory duty to rescue.Therefore,when applying the law,the damages by police violation of duty to rescue should first be addressed through the special compensation rules defined in the State Compensation Law,among others.In the absence of specific provisions,the compensation rules outlined in the Civil Code should be applied.To effectively implement the legislator'stipulation that the police's duty to rescue aims to maintain the social order and protect the public's legal rights and interests,it is essential to clarify the constituents and the defenses for establishing liability,and coordinate the scope of compensation and the allocation of liability with general compensation rules.
出处
《公安学研究》
CSSCI
2023年第3期58-76,124,共20页
Journal of Public Security Science
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“民法典一般人格权条款研究”(20FFXB004)。
