摘要
作为龙场悟道以后提出的首个重要命题,“知行合一”贯穿于王阳明中晚年思想。在他看来,“知”从根本上来说是指直接发自本心的痛切感受、本然好恶,即“本心之知”。知行合一有三层含义:本来合一、能够合一,应该合一。这一命题旨在纠正朱子对本心之知作用的忽视,强调它具有直接性和充足性,提醒人们将它的直接性和充足性具体实现出来。知行合一的表述形式并不完美,因为“知”既可表示本心之知,也可表示知识或知觉,以至于容易混淆;而“合一”的逻辑前提是分离,因而这个命题本身就潜藏着否定知行一体的因素。王阳明之所以仍采取这一形式,是为了提醒人们重建知与行,进而重建我与万物的原初关联,让人意识到知原本就是能导出行的痛切之知。
As the primary proposition after Enlightenment in Longchang,the unity of knowledge and action goes through Wang Yangming’s thoughts in his whole later life.In his opinion,knowledge refers to the sincere feelings in one’s mind,which is actually the knowledge of one’s conscience.This proposition entails three layers of meanings:the knowledge and action is one intrinsically,they can be one and they should be one.This proposition of Yangming aims at correcting Zhuzi’s philosophy’s neglect of knowledge in one’s conscience.This proposition emphasizes the directness and adequacy of knowledge in one’s conscience and reminds people to fulfill the directness and adequacy.The expression form of“unity of knowledge and action”is not perfect,because“knowledge”can represent the knowledge in one’s conscience as well as knowledge related to the intelligence,so it is easy to confuse these two types of knowledge.The reason why Yangming still adopts this form is to remind people to rebuild the connection between knowledge and action,and then to rebuild the original connection between people and all things in the universe,so that people can realize that knowledge is the painful knowledge that can be derived from action.
作者
傅锡洪
FU Xi-hong(Liberal Arts(Boya)College,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
CSSCI
2023年第4期29-39,共11页
Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清朱子学通史”(21&ZD051)。
关键词
知行合一
本心之知
万物一体
王阳明
unity of knowledge and action
knowledge in one’s conscience
unity of one and all things
Wang Yangming