摘要
城市内涝灾害严重影响城市可持续发展,其灾害风险不仅受内涝积水影响,更与城市地形、人口分布和建成环境紧密相关。通过SWMM模型与GIS工具对西安市老城区10、20、50、100 a这4个重现期下2 h降雨进行暴雨内涝模拟,同时从危险性、暴露性和脆弱性出发构建内涝灾害风险评价体系,叠加运用传统数据与新兴多源数据计算内涝灾害指数。研究表明:西安市老城区在4个重现期下都出现较为严重的积水,排水管网系统尚不足以抵御10 a一遇的暴雨。积水严重区域主要集中在道路交叉口和城墙下穿区域、大面积城市广场和停车场、地势低洼处三类区域,主要原因是这些区域管线交汇且地势低洼,或存在大面积铺装且缺乏快速排水系统,或场地低洼且管网设计标准较低。西安市老城区内涝中、高风险区域主要集中在积水严重的道路交叉口、城墙下穿区域、城市广场和地势低洼处,主要原因是这些区域本身易积水,再加上周边的城市道路、人流车流、敏感设施相对密集,暴雨内涝影响严重。研究结果有助于深入认知城市内涝灾害风险,也有助于政府和相关人员准确绘制内涝风险地图。
Urban waterlogging causes serious impact on the sustainable development of cities,and its risk is not only influenced by urban waterlogging,but also is closely related to surface topography,population distribution and built environment of the city.In this paper,SWMM model and GIS tools are used to simulate the urban flood in the old area of Xi’an under 2 h rainfall in four return periods of 10,20,50 and 100 years,and a flood risk evaluation system from hazard,exposure and vulnerability is designed.The main conclusions are as follows:the old area of Xi’an has experienced serious waterlogging under four return periods,and the drainage network is not yet sufficient to withstand a 10-year rainstorm.Places with serious waterlogging are mainly concentrated in three type areas including road intersections and areas under the city wall,large urban squares and car parks,and low-lying areas.The main reasons are that these areas have intersecting pipelines and are low-lying,or there are large paved areas and lack of rapid drainage systems,or the sites are low-lying and the design standard of the pipeline network is low.The medium and high risk areas of waterlogging in the old area of Xi’an are mainly concentrated in road intersections,areas under the city wall,city squares and low-lying areas.The main reason is that these areas are prone to waterlogging,and coupled with dense urban roads,pedestrian and vehicular traffic and sensitive facilities in the surrounding areas.The methodology and findings of this paper will help to provide deep insight into the risk of urban waterlogging and help governments and stakeholders to accurately map the risk of urban waterlogging.
作者
赵凯旭
王建明
闫茜
黄晓军
ZHAO Kaixu;WANG Jianming;YAN Xi;HUANG Xiaojun(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shanghai Zhongliang Real Estate Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200333,China;Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazard,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Xi’an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Xi’an 710127,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1-12,共12页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971178)。
