摘要
[目的]阐明土壤结皮对高寒草甸鼠丘土壤基本特征及其水力侵蚀的影响,为高寒草甸鼠丘土壤的水力侵蚀特征评价及今后当地生态植被的修复和保护提供理论依据。[方法]以青海省河南县鼠害退化区高原鼢鼠鼠丘表面发育的物理结皮、地衣结皮和苔藓结皮为研究对象,并以原生草甸和未结皮的新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘作对照,结合野外调查和原位模拟降雨侵蚀试验,对不同类型鼠丘结皮土壤的物理力学特征、水力侵蚀规律及土壤侵蚀量与可蚀性因子间的关联度和相关性等进行了分析和讨论。[结果](1)鼠丘表层不同结皮土壤的含水率大小依次为:苔藓结皮>地衣结皮>物理结皮,并与原生草甸和新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05);0—2 cm内土壤紧实度和黏聚力的排序依次为:原生草甸>物理结皮>苔藓结皮>地衣结皮>新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘;较未结皮的新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘相比,土壤结皮的发生可通过改造土壤基本特性进而提升鼠丘土壤的保水固土能力。(2)土壤总流失量由高到低依次为:新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘>物理结皮>地衣结皮>苔藓结皮>原生草甸,且与降雨强度具一定的正相关关系;降雨侵蚀的10~15 min是不同鼠丘结皮土壤降雨侵蚀的敏感期,土壤流失率均呈先增后减的变化趋势;较未结皮的新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘相比,不同类型鼠丘结皮土壤均会提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力,土壤抗侵蚀能力优异性排序为:原生草甸>苔藓结皮>地衣结皮>物理结皮>新鲜鼢鼠鼠丘。(3)基于关联度和相关性分析双重检验方法,土壤结皮主要通过改变鼠丘表层土壤的基本物理力学特性指标,从而导致土壤侵蚀状况出现了差异性,其中土壤含水率、密度和孔隙比是影响土壤侵蚀量的关键影响因子。[结论]土壤结皮通过促进土壤基本物理力学特性,从而可不同程度地抑制高寒草甸鼠丘土壤的水力侵蚀。
[Objective]The aims are to clarify the effect of soil crust on the basic characteristics and water erosion of alpine meadow mound soil,and to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of water erosion characteristics and the restoration and protection of local ecological vegetation in the future.[Methods]The physical crusts,lichen crusts and moss crusts on the surface of plateau zokor mounds in the rodent degradation area of Henan County,Qinghai Province were taken as the research samples,and the fresh zokor mounds with native meadow and without crust were taken as the control.The physical and mechanical characteristics of different types of soil crusts,the rule of water erosion and the correlation between soil erosion and erodibility factors were analyzed and discussed by combining field investigation and in-situ simulated rainfall erosion test.[Results](1)The soil moisture contents of different crusts on the surface of mound decreased in the order:moss crust>lichen crust>physical crust,and there was significant difference between native meadow and fresh zokor mound(p<0.05).The order of soil compactness and cohesion within 0—2 cm was native meadow>physical crust>moss crust>lichen crust>fresh zokor mound.Compared with fresh zokor mounds without crusts,the occurrence of soil crusts could improve the water and soil conservation capacity of mound soil by modifying the basic characteristics of soil.(2)The total amount of soil loss deceased in the order:fresh zokor mound>physical crust>lichen crust>moss crust>native meadow,and had a positive correlation with rainfall intensity.The 10~15 minutes of rainfall erosion was the sensitive period of rainfall erosion in different soil crusts,and the soil loss rate increased first and then decreased.Compared with fresh mounds without crusts,different types of mound crusts could improve the soil erosion resistance.The order of soil erosion resistance is:native meadow>moss crust>lichen crust>physical crust>fresh zokor mound.(3)Based on the double test method of correlation
作者
童生春
李国荣
李进芳
翟辉
李希来
刘亚斌
朱海丽
赵健赟
陈文婷
胡夏嵩
TONG Shengchun;LI Guorong;LI Jinfang;ZHAI Hui;Li Xilai;LIU Yabin;ZHU Haili;ZHAO Jianyun;CHEN Wenting;HU Xiasong(Department of Geological Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Lab of Cenozoic Resource&Environment in North Margin of the Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,China;College of Agriculture and animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期76-84,共9页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
青海省科技厅基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-701)
国家自然科学基金项目(41662023,42161068)。
关键词
高寒草甸
鼠害退化区
土壤结皮
土壤基本特征
水力侵蚀
alpine meadow
rodent degradation area
soil crusts
basic soil characteristics
water erosion
