摘要
作物梯田种植是减少丘陵坡地水土流失、提高土壤生产力的有效措施。为探究不同作物种植对梯田土壤肥力变化的影响,以梯田撂荒、花生、黄花菜、油茶、苎麻土壤为研究对象,于2010年末开始小区试验,通过对梯田种植5、10年的土壤样品进行养分指标测定、分析。结果表明:(1)丘陵梯田种植5年土壤pH略有降低,10年后均有了显著提高,其中以油茶种植提升效果最为显著。(2)5、10年数据结果显示,梯田种植土壤pH与土壤全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾多个指标呈现出显著/极显著负相关关系。(3)不同作物种植显著提升了土壤肥力,前5年土壤肥力处于迅速提升阶段,5~10年处于稳定阶段,土壤有机质提升效果从高到低分别为苎麻、黄花菜、撂荒、花生、油茶,最高为14.80 g/kg,最低为10.25 g/kg,均比初始土壤有机质含量7.59 g/kg显著提高。(4)土壤肥力状况主成分分析主要以梯田种植年限为因子进行聚集,其次以不同作物种植进行聚集,梯田措施影响程度大于不同作物种植措施。梯田和作物种植措施共同决定土壤肥力的提升,其中苎麻处理土壤肥力提升效果最好。本研究为南方丘陵区土壤肥力提升与梯田可持续发展提供科学依据与支撑。
Terrace planting is an effective measure to reduce soil erosion on hilly slopes and improve soil productivity.In order to explore the effect of long-term planting of different crops in terraced fields on changes in soil fertility,taking the soils of terraced fields planted with abandonment,peanut,daylily,camellia oleifera and ramie as the research object,and plot experiments were started at the end of 2010.By measuring the nutrient index of soil samples planted in terraced fields for 5 years and 10 years,the evolution of soil fertility in terraced fields under different crops was studied.The results showed that:(1)The soil pH of hilly terraced fields was decreased slightly in 5 years,and increased significantly in 10 years,among which the effect of camellia oleifera cultivation was the most significant.(2)There was a significant negative correlation between soil pH and soil total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.(3)Soil fertility was significantly improved by different crops cultivation.In the first 5 years,soil fertility was in the stage of rapid improvement,and in the stage of stability from 5 to 10 years.The improvement effects of soil organic matter from high to low were ramie,daylily,abandonment land,peanut and camellia oleifera,respectively,with the highest value of 14.80 g/kg and the lowest value of 10.25 g/kg.Compared with the initial soil organic matter content of 7.59 g/kg,they were significantly increased.(4)Principal component analysis of soil fertility was mainly based on terrace cultivation years,followed by different crop cultivation,so terrace fields measures had a greater impact on soil fertility than different crop cultivation measures.Terraced field and crop cultivation measures jointly determined soil fertility improvement,and ramie in terraced field had the best effect on soil fertility improvement.This study provides scientific basis and support for soil fertility improvement and sustainable development of terraced fields in s
作者
何翠翠
张文
刘立生
周斌
文石林
汪秀华
吴景森
HE Cui-cui;ZHANG Wen;LIU Li-sheng;ZHOU Bin;WEN Shi-lin;WANG Xiu-hua;WU Jing-sen(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou Hainan 571011;Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Haikou Hainan 571011;Red Soil Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiyang Hunan 426182;Eco-Environment Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期190-197,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
海南省重点研发计划科技合作方向项目(ZDYF2019219)
国家公益性基金(IARRP-2015-5)
海南省重点研发计划现代农业方向项目(ZDYF2021XDNY280)
海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(320QN314)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M 692144)。
关键词
梯田
作物种植
土壤肥力
terraced fields
crop cultivation
soil fertility
