摘要
明确当前安徽省的施肥现状和存在问题对于科学施肥具有十分重要的指导意义。对安徽省不同区域农户进行抽样调查,调查内容包括:肥料品种、肥料用量、施肥方式、种植面积。根据调查结果对当前安徽省区域间(皖北、皖中、皖南)和作物间肥料投入总量、强度、方式和品种进行统计分析。调查结果表明:(1)当前全省化肥施用总量和强度分别是312.8万t和342 kg/hm^(2)。虽然全省化肥施用总量逐步降低,但是区域和作物间肥料投入差异较大。皖北化肥总投入量最大,其次是皖中,皖南最小。蔬菜、果树等经济作物过量施肥较为普遍,大田粮食作物化肥施用过量与不足并存;(2)目前全省机械化施肥普及率为55.5%,但是区域间差异较大,主要集中在皖北区域,皖中和皖南区域普及率较低;机械化施肥主要集中在粮食作物上,经济作物比例较低;(3)在施肥品种方面,全省粮食作物和油料作物存在重视化肥投入、有机替代施用不足等问题;而在水果、蔬菜、茶叶等经济作物有机肥投入主要以商品有机肥、粪肥和饼肥为主,但是施肥水平有待提高。综上所述,当前安徽省化肥总量和施肥强度相对于2014年已经有了较大幅度的降低,这说明全省已提前实现了2020年化肥零增长的目标,但是目前全省化肥施用不合理现象依然存在,因此应该加强宏观调控,实施合理的化肥资源区域布局,做到因地制宜,通过总量控制、增加有机替代比例、加强机械化施肥推广等途径实现化肥减施,提高经济效益和环境效益。
Rational fertilization is an important measure to ensure agricultural production in Anhui province,which is an important agricultural province in China.It is important to clarify the current fertilization status and problems for scientific guidance of fertilization.In this study,farmers in different regions of Anhui province are sampled and investigated,including fertilizer varieties,fertilizer dosage,fertilization methods and planting areas.According to the survey results,the total amount,intensity,mode and variety of fertilizer input in different regions and for different crops in Anhui province are analyzed.The results show that:(1)The total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application in Anhui province are 3.128 million tons and 342 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Although the use of chemical fertilizer in the whole province has gradually decreased,there are great differences in fertilizer input among different regions and different crops.The total amount of chemical fertilizer input in northern Anhui is the largest,followed by central Anhui and southern Anhui.Excessive fertilization of vegetables,fruit trees and other economic crops is common,and excessive or insufficient fertilizer application coexist in grain crops.(2)At present,the popularization rate of mechanized fertilization in the whole province is 55.5%,but the regional difference is large,mainly concentrated in northern Anhui province,and the popularization rate in central and southern Anhui province is low;Mechanized fertilization is mainly concentrated on grain crops,and the proportion of mechanized fertilization on economic crops is low.(3)In the aspect of fertilizer varieties,there are some problems such as paying attention to chemical fertilizer input and insufficient organic alternative application.The organic fertilizer inputs of cash crop such as fruits,vegetables and tea are mainly from commercial organic fertilizer,manure and cake fertilizer,but the fertilization technology needs to be improved.In conclusion,compared with 2014,the total
作者
卜容燕
韩上
余忠
宋莉
王慧
李敏
程文龙
唐杉
孙义祥
王家宝
武际
BU Rong-yan;HAN Shang;YU Zhong;SONG Li;WANG Hui;LI Min;CHENG Wen-long;TANG Shan;SUN Yi-xiang;WANG Jia-bao;WU Ji(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resource Environment of Anhui Province,Hefei Anhui 230031;Anhui Soil and Fertilizer General Station,Hefei Anhui 230031)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期60-67,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901200)
安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020008)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QD165)
芜湖市科技计划(2021hg13)。
关键词
化肥
现状
提高途径
绿色发展
fertilization
present situation
ways to improve
green development
