摘要
元代有大批色目人东来入居中原,主要有回回、唐兀、乃蛮、汪古、畏兀儿、康里、钦察、阿速、哈剌鲁、吐蕃等。蒙古西征,将大批色目工匠和医生带入中国,加速了色目医学在中原地区的传播。在色目医的影响下,元代在中央设立三个由色目人主持的回回医疗机构,即广惠司、大都回回医药院和上都回回医药院,并在地方兴办医学校,从中央到地方形成一套完整的医学人才选拔系统,以新增骨科并单独成科为特色。元代虽继承了宋代的惠民局,但主要用于医疗贫民,与宋代惠民局主要为宫室服务大相径庭。随着入华阿拉伯人、波斯人的增多,在地方上也出现了色目人所开设的医院。这些都促成了中华传统医学的大变革,不仅有利于元代医学的发展,更为嗣后明清中医的发展开辟了更广阔的空间。
During the Yuan dynasty,a large number of Semu people came to and settled in Central China,including Huihui,Tangut,Naiman,Onggud,Uighur,Kangli,Kepqak,Asu,Karluq,Tibetan,etc.With the Mongolian army’s western conquer,large batches of artisans and doctors were brought to China,which accelerated the spread of Semu medicine in Central China.Under the influence of Semu medicine,the Yuan government established three supreme Huihui medical institutions presided by Semu officials,namely,the Universal Benevolence Bureau(广惠司),the Kanbalu(大都,now Beijing)Huihui Medical Institute and the Xanadu(上都)Huihui Medical Institute.Medical schools were also set up by local governments,forming a united medical talent selection system nationally with the newly-set separate discipline of osteopathy as a characteristic.The Hui Min Ju(惠民局,Medical Institute of Benevolence)inherited by the Yuan dynasty differed in its focus on treating the poor from its counterpart of mainly serving the royal court in the Song dynasty.With the increasing immigrants of Arabs and Persians,there also appeared local hospitals opened by Semu people.All these contributed to the great change of traditional Chinese medicine,which not only facilitated the development of medicine in the Yuan dynasty,but also ushered in a broader prospect for the later development of Chinese medicine in Ming and Qing dynasties.
作者
张田芳
杨富学
ZHANG Tianfang;YANG Fuxue(Dun Huang Research Academy,Lanzhou 730030,China)
出处
《中医药文化》
2023年第4期337-345,共9页
Chinese Medical Culture
基金
甘肃省人文社会科学项目专项课题(22ZC69)。
关键词
色目医
医疗机构
医学校
《回回药方》
Semu Medicine
Medical Institutions
Medical Schools
Huihui Formularies
