摘要
为明确新型播种方式立体匀播条件下小麦干物质积累及对水分的利用情况,挖掘播种方式节水潜力。本试验于2020—2021年冬小麦生长季在石家庄和北京2个试点进行同步试验,以中筋节水型小麦“轮选103”为供试品种,采用裂区试验设计,主区设3个灌水量:600 m^(3)hm^(-2)(W_(1))、900 m^(3)hm^(-2)(W_(2))和1200 m^(3)hm^(-2)(W_(3));副区为立体匀播(S_(1))和常规条播(S_(2))两种播种方式,从产量构成、物质积累与转运、水分利用角度研究不同播种方式下小麦对春季灌水量的响应差异,为小麦节水生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明:相同灌水量条件下,立体匀播产量高于常规条播,主要是其叶面积指数(LAI)较高,且随着生育进程的推进变化较为稳定;同时,匀播小麦功能叶的光合性能优于条播,利于合成更多的有机物,使得匀播小麦各器官的干物质积累量和花后光合积累量均高于条播,提高水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE),表现出较好的产量优势。当灌水量为600 m^(3)hm^(-2)(W_(1))时,匀播较条播产量增加最多,为832.0kg hm^(-2),增幅为9.89%,茎鞘、叶片和穗的干物质量匀播较条播平均增加25.15%、27.64%和18.68%,WUE和IWUE分别显著提高11.16%和9.92%;播种方式间的最大相对生长速率在灌水量为900 m^(3) hm^(-2)(W_(2))时差异最大,匀播较条播快0.021~0.025g株^(-1)d^(-1),在该灌水量下干物质积累最大相对生长速率出现的时间(t_(m))提前,快速生长期持续的天数(Δt)最短,且石家庄试点出现的时间早于北京试点;花后光合积累量在灌水量为1200 m^(3)hm^(-2)(W_(3))时匀播显著高于条播,匀播较条播平均增产4.37%。灰色关联度分析表明,两试点匀播小麦的穗数、千粒重与产量密切相关,而条播小麦的净光合速率与产量的关联度较高。总体分析发现,相同灌水量下,与常规条播相比,匀播小麦通过提高LAI延长高值持续期,或者提�
The objective of this study is to clarify the dry matter accumulation and water use of wheat under the new method of tridimensional uniform sowing and to explore the water saving potential of the sowing method.The experiment conducted in two pilot sites in Shijiazhuang and Beijing during growing season of winter wheat from 2020 to 2021,using medium gluten and water-saving wheat Lunxuan 103 as the experimental variety.To study the differences of wheat response to spring irri-gation under different sowing methods from the perspectives of yield composition,material accumulation and transport,and water utilization,and to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for water-saving wheat,the experiment was conducted with three irrigation rates in the main zone[600 m^(3) hm^(–2)(W_(1)),900 m^(3) hm^(–2)(W_(2)),and 1200 m^(3) hm^(–2)(W_(3))]and two sowing methods[tridimensional uniform sowing(S_(1))and conventional strip sowing(S_(2))]in the secondary zone.The results showed that,under the same irrigation rate,the yield of tridimensional uniform sowing was higher than that of conventional strip sowing,mainly because leaf area index(LAI)was higher and changed more steadily with the advancement of the reproductive process.Meanwhile,the photosynthetic performance of the functional leaves of uniform sowing wheat was better than that of strip sowing,which facili-tated the synthesis of more organic matter,resulting in higher dry matter accumulation and post-flowering photosynthetic accu-mulation of all organs of uniform sowing wheat than that of strip sowing,and improved WUE and IWUE,showing a better yield advantage.When the irrigation rate was 600 m^(3) hm^(–2)(W_(1)),compared with the strip sowing,the yield of uniform sowing increased the most by 832.0 kg hm^(–2) with an increase of 9.89%.The dry matter mass of stem sheath,leaf,and spike increased by 25.15%,27.64%,and 18.68%,and WUE and IWUE increased by 11.16%and 9.92%,respectively.The maximum relative growth rate of different sowing methods was the highe
作者
于慧玲
阚茗溪
徐哲莉
马瑞琦
刘阿康
王德梅
王艳杰
杨玉双
赵广才
常旭虹
YU Hui-Ling;KAN Ming-Xi;XU Zhe-Li;MA Rui-Qi;LIU A-Kang;WANG De-Mei;WANG Yan-Jie;YANG Yu-Shuang;ZHAO Guang-Cai;CHANG Xu-Hong(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 051530,Hebei,China;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Grain Crop Technology Division,Beijing 100125,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期2833-2844,共12页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32071952)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-16)
中国农业科学院重大任务小麦藏粮于技项目(CAAS-ZDRW202002)资助。
关键词
播种方式
灌水量
干物质积累
产量
sowing pattern
irrigation
dry matter accumulation
yield
