摘要
为探讨宁夏南部地区不同气候年型下耕作结合覆盖措施对旱作农田土壤水分、温度和马铃薯产量形成的影响,于2014—2016年设置不同耕作(免耕、深松、翻耕)和覆盖(不覆盖、玉米秸秆、塑料地膜)双因素裂区定位试验。结果表明,地膜覆盖对0~25 cm土壤温度有增温效应,秸秆覆盖有降温效应;2014年(正常年)免耕秸秆覆盖降低马铃薯苗期至块茎膨大期土壤温度效果最佳,较翻耕不覆盖显著显著降低3.5℃。秸秆覆盖下0~200cm层土壤贮水量最高;深松、免耕土壤贮水量均高于翻耕;深松秸秆覆盖增加苗期至块茎膨大期土壤贮水量效果最佳,较翻耕不覆盖在正常年和高温年分别显著增加15.80%、20.77%。在正常年免耕地膜覆盖出苗率最高,较翻耕不覆盖显著增加24.12%;在高温年免耕秸秆覆盖出苗率最高,较翻耕不覆盖显著增加19.32%。将马铃薯地上部生物量进行Logistic生长模拟后发现,在正常年免耕秸秆覆盖快速生长持续期和干物质最大积累参数最高,干物质最大积累速率较翻耕不覆盖显著增加15.80%,在高温年深松秸秆覆盖快速生长持续期和干物质最大积累速率最高,干物质最大积累速率较翻耕不覆盖显著增加24.28%。所有处理中,在正常年免耕秸秆覆盖马铃薯产量最高,较翻耕不覆盖显著增加51.82%,在高温年深松秸秆覆盖产量最高,较翻耕不覆盖显著增加62.08%。正常年块茎形成期的土壤水分、温度对马铃薯产量形成的影响最大,而高温年现蕾期的土壤水分、温度对马铃薯产量形成的影响最大。可见,深松或免耕结合秸秆覆盖能改善宁南旱区土壤水热环境,促进马铃薯生长发育,进而实现作物显著增产。
To clarify the effect of tillage with mulching on soil water and heat,and potato yield formation in dryland farmland under different climate years in southern of Ningxia,a two-factor split plot location experiment with different tillage methods(no-tillage,subsoiling,ploughing)and mulching material(no mulching,corn straw mulching,plastic mulching)was conducted during 2014–2016 period.The results showed that plastic film mulching had a warming effect and straw mulching had a cooling effect in 0–25 cm soil layer.In 2014(normal temperature year),no-tillage with straw mulching had the best effect on reducing soil temperature from seedling stage to tuber expansion stage.No-tillage with straw mulching significantly reduced soil tem-perature by 3.5℃compared with ploughing without mulching.Among the tillage systems,the highest soil water storage was straw mulching plots in 0–200 cm soil layer.Irrespective of the mulching materials,the water storage of subsoiling plots and no-tillage plots was higher than ploughing plots.Subsoiling with straw mulching had the best effect on increasing soil water stor-age during seedling stage and tuber expansion stage.The subsoiling with straw mulching increased soil water storage by 15.80%and 20.77%in normal temperature year and high temperature year,respectively.In normal temperature year,the seedling emergence rate was the highest under no-tillage with plastic film cover,which was significantly increased by 24.12%compared with ploughing without mulching.In high temperature years,the seedling emergence rate of no-tillage with straw mulching was the highest,which was significantly increased by 19.32%compared with ploughing without mulching.After Logistic growth simulation of potato aboveground biomass,it was found that the rapid growth duration and maximum dry matter accumulation parameters of no-tillage with straw mulching were the highest,and no-tillage with straw mulching significantly increased the maximum dry matter accumulation rate by 15.80%compared with ploughing without m
作者
赵富贵
张龙
李丹
韩固
王楠
侯贤清
ZHAO Fu-Gui;ZHANG Long;LI Dan;HAN Gu;WANG Nan;HOU Xian-Qing(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期2806-2819,共14页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860362,32160515)
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03098,2021AAC03003,2022AAC03061)资助。
关键词
耕作覆盖
土壤水分
土壤温度
生长指标
马铃薯产量
tillage with mulching
soil water
soil temperature
growth index
potato yield
