摘要
价值高、完整度好的墓葬越来越多选择整体搬迁保护。但在考古工作中,有结构缺损的非完整性但价值较高的墓葬不在少数。西安出土一座关中地区少见的、形制完整的宋金时期砖雕墓,尽管其结构局部缺损但研究价值高,是研究该时期墓葬形制、丧葬风俗的重要补充。为完整保留墓葬形制,兼顾再研究与展示,欲进行搬迁保护。保护前通过建立物理力学模型模拟墓室质心的偏移校正,并分析计算搬迁过程中砖壁的倾覆风险,确定了采取保留外部土圹固型、内部加固支撑的整体吊装搬迁方案;再根据理论计算出留土高度、通过模拟实验改进彩绘层隔离保护工艺,成功实现该墓葬的整体搬迁保护。本工作在文物搬迁保护中引入理论模型对缺损结构的量化评估,探究搬迁保护规程化方法,可为同类非完整性但价值较高的墓葬搬迁保护提供方法借鉴。
Overall relocation has been selected for more and more undamaged high-value tombs.However,there are still a large number of incomplete(partial structural defects)but high-value tombs that need to be preserved.A rare Song-Jin carved-brick tomb,as an important supplement for the study on tomb types and burial customs in the Song and Jin Dynasties,was found in Xi’an,and relocation conservation was considered to take it as an example to explore the overall relocation conservation method for such structure-defected tombs.To keep the tomb structure,based on the physical modeling of centroid offset correction and wall overturning risk analysis,the center of mass and its influence during relocation was calculated,leading to the plan of keeping some soil outside and add fill inside.Then the width and height of the soil remaining outside was calculated based on modeling.Furthermore,before following the guide above,an experiment to select materials and techniques for painting layer protection was conducted,to ensure the successful overall relocation of the tomb.This overall relocation conservation is an attempt to utilize physical modeling to evaluate risks and give a scientific guide for ensuring the stability of structural defects in high-value tombs.It is also an exploration of the standardization of conservation methods for overall relocation of structure-defected tombs.This method could provide a reference for the conservation of other similar tombs.
作者
郭瑞
李想
段成刚
冯健
张翔宇
王展
GUO Rui;LI Xiang;DUAN Chenggang;FENG Jian;ZHANG Xiangyu;WANG Zhan(Xi’an Institute of Archaeology and Conservation on Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710068,China;School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Bricks and Stones Conservation(Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Xi’an 710075,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2023年第4期70-80,共11页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
国家文物局文保项目(19-5-13-6100-116)资助
陕西省自然科学基础研究青年项目(2022JQ-697)资助
西安电子科技大学新教师创新基金(XJS222808)资助。
关键词
宋金时期
砖雕墓
非完整性
物理建模分析
外部土圹固型
搬迁保护规程化
Song and Jin Dynasties
Carved-brick tomb
Structure-defected incompletion
Physical modeling analysis
Type-fixing by original wrapping soil
Regularization of overall relocation conservation
