摘要
文章使用ERPs技术,对比分析了汉语母语者在安静、白噪声、汉语噪声、英语噪声四种听觉条件下加工汉语句子的情况,以探究信息掩蔽条件下语义加工的神经机制。研究发现不同噪声条件下诱发的N400、LPC等ERPs成分具有不同的波形表现,据此该文得出以下结论:(1)言语噪声的语言特征占用了目标声音加工所需的认知和心理资源,资源竞争导致听者对目标信号的识别能力降低,由此产生了“语言干扰”形式的信息掩蔽。(2)对于难度较大的语义加工,言语噪声的可懂度发挥着更关键的作用,当言语噪声为听者极其熟悉或完全陌生的语言,对语义加工的掩蔽干扰较小,当言语噪声为听者接触过的语言但不是母语或主要语言时,掩蔽效应更强。(3)可懂度或不确定性存在交互作用。言语噪声中出现频率较小但能够被听者理解的语义信息即为一种不确定因素,其出现与听者的预期相冲突,更容易引发听者的注意转移,加大了注意及认知资源的消耗。
By means of ERPs,this paper explore the neural mechanism of semantic processing under information masking condition by comparing the processing of Chinese sentences in quiet condition,white noise condition,Chinese noise condition and English noise condition.It is found that the waveforms of N4oO,LPC and other ERPs induced by different noise conditions are different,which provide evidences for several conclusions.Firstly,the language information in speech masking occupies the cognitive and psychological resources required by the target sound processing,and the resource competition reduces the listeners ability to identify the target signals,resulting in the information masking in the form of language interference.Secondly,the speech intelligibility of the masker plays a more critical role for difficult semantic processing in the speech masking.The masking effect on semantic processing is smaller when the language is a very familiar or completely unfamiliar language,while the masking effect may be stronger when the masking noise is the non-native language to which the listener has been exposed.Finally,the listener comprehensible semantic content contained in unfamiliar speech noise that appears less frequently is more likely to trigger listener attention transfer if it conflicts with the listener expectations,which,in turn,increases informationmasking intensity.
作者
耿立波
薛紫炫
蔡文鹏
赵欣雨
马勇
杨亦鸣
GENG Libo;XUE Zixuan;CAI Wenpeng;ZHAO Xinyu;MA Yong;YANG Yiming(School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221009,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221009,China;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710l19,China;Faculty of Psychology,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《中文信息学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期32-43,共12页
Journal of Chinese Information Processing
基金
江苏高校青蓝工程基金(20220523)
国家社会科学基金(21&ZD288)。
关键词
信息掩蔽
语义加工
噪声类型
言语可懂度
事件相关电位
information masking
semantic processing
noise type
speech intelligibility
event-related potential
