《对日和平条约》拟定期间美国对南海诸岛处置政策的嬗变

Evolution of US Policy of Dealing with the South China Sea Islands during the Period of Drawing up Treaty of Peace with Japan

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摘要 1947—1951年美国在拟定《对日和平条约》期间对南海诸岛的处置政策经历了三个时期。1947年3月对日和约草案写入了日本放弃的领土包括南海诸岛,该方针延续至1949年12月;1949年5月美国确定了对日和约简单的总体要求后,1950年8月草案即删除了南海诸岛的内容,直至1951年5月美英联合草案达成;在法国的建议下,1951年6月新草案加入了西沙群岛和南威岛,8月草案又将后者改为南沙群岛,并最终于9月提交对日和会。美英两国对南海诸岛权属模糊和战略地位微弱的认知,是条约草案精简时剔除南海诸岛的主因,后来法国利用美英共同“反共”的心理,又成功地说服英美两国将西沙和南沙群岛纳入。美国未确定岛屿的归属是对战时国际文件精神的背离。 From 1947 to 1951,the US policy of dealing with the South China Sea Islands experienced three stages dur-ing the period of drawing up the Treaty of Peace with Japan.In March 1947,the draft treaty wrote that the territory aban-doned by Japan included the South China Sea Islands.This policy lasted until December 1949.After the United States estab-lished a simple general requirement for the treaty in May 1949,the contents of the South China Sea Islands were deleted from the draft in August 1950,until the joint draft of the United States and Britain in May 1951.The new draft added the Xisha Islands and Spratly Island in June 1951 at the suggestion of France and changed the latter to the Nansha Islands in August,and finally was submitted to the peace conference with Japan in September.The vague understanding of the own-ership and weak strategic position on the South China Sea Islands of the United States and Britain are the main reasons for the elimination of the South China Sea Islands when the draft treaty was simplified.Later,France successfully persuaded the United States and the United Kingdom to write the South China Sea Islands into the peace treaty with Japan by tak-ing advantage of their common anti communism mentality.The United States did not determine the ownership of the islands in the treaty,which was a departure from the basic spirit of the wartime international documents.

作者金康玲 JIN Kanging(School of History,Culture and Tourism,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai'an Jiangsu 223300,China)

机构地区淮阴师范学院历史文化旅游学院

出处《海南热带海洋学院学报》 2023年第4期13-23,共11页 Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University

基金江苏省社会科学基金一般项目(23LSB005)。

关键词《对日和平条约》南海诸岛美国日本法国 Treaty of Peace with Japan the South China Sea Islands The United States of America Japan France

分类号 D81 [政治法律—国际关系]