摘要
长江江豚的迁地保护目前已取得初步成功,野化放归是迁地保护的最后一环,也是实现迁地保护目标的必然要求。在此背景下,于2021年4月将来自天鹅洲故道迁地保护区的2头雄性长江江豚转移至与长江干流环境相似的老湾故道,尝试开展野化训练,探究其行为和发声的适应过程,评估其巡游、捕食和发声等行为能否适应较恶劣的环境,为将来规模化的野化,甚至放归自然栖息地提供技术支撑。经过为期1年的野化训练和持续监测,结果表明,老湾故道鱼类密度显著低于天鹅洲故道,丰水期鱼体密度分布不均,上游较中下游高。江豚在上游的每日平均停留时间显著高于中下游, Spearman相关性分析表明与鱼群的密度分布有显著相关性。在进入故道的前2月,江豚顺流巡游所需时间逐渐增加达到峰值,随后降低并趋于稳定。在船舶噪声适应性训练中,江豚的平均呼吸间隔在存在船只干扰时显著降低,随着干扰次数的增加,逐渐恢复至无干扰时的水平。由此认为, 2头江豚对老湾故道的低鱼类资源密度、季节性变化的流速环境及人工施加的船只噪声干扰有良好的适应性,具备放归长江的条件。这是首次实施完全自然环境中江豚的野化训练,将为规模化的野化放归提供技术支撑,促进江豚自然种群的恢复。
The ex situ conservation of the first-class protected animal in China,Yangtze finless porpoise(YFP),have gained preliminary success.As the last step in ex situ conservation,reintroduction is an inevitable requirement for achieving the goal.Under this circumstance,two male YFPs from the ex-situ group in Tian-e-Zhou Oxbow were translocated to Laowan branch in April 2021 for the very first acclimation training attempt to study the adaptive process of their behavior and vocalization,and to figure out whether they can adapt to the harsh environment in terms of feeding behavior and diel activities.The attempt is expected to accumulate experience for the large-scale reintroduction adaptation training of the porpoise into Yangtze River in the future.After one year of training and continuous monitoring,the results showed that the density of fish in Laowan branch is significantly lower compared to that of Tian-e-Zhou Oxbow.The shoal of fish is unevenly distributed during the wet season,and the density being higher in upstream than that in the middle and downstream.The average time expense of YFP in the upstream is significantly higher than that in the middle and downstream.Spearman correlation analysis shows that there is a significant correlation with the density distribution of fish.During the first two months of entering the branch,the time required for YFP to cruise downstream gradually increased to a peak,then decreased and stabilized.In the training of ship noise adaptability,the average breathing interval of porpoises decreased significantly in the presence of ship interference,and gradually recovered to the level of non-interference with the increase of interference times.Our study indicates that the two porpoises have kind adaptability to the high flow velocity,low fish resource density and artificial vessel noise interference in the branch and are feasible to release into the Yangtze River.This is the first time that the adaptation training of YFP in a completely natural environment has been implemented,which wil
作者
邱建松
孙晓冬
王丁
郝玉江
郑劲松
李威伦
范飞
邓晓君
毛峻峰
曾强
江华炎
邓在贵
龚成
徐春永
王克雄
梅志刚
QIU Jian-Song;SUN Xiao-Dong;WANG Ding;HAO Yu-Jiang;ZHENG Jing-Song;LI Wei-Lun;FAN Fei;DENG Xiao-Jun;MAO Jun-Feng;ZENG Qiang;JIANG Hua-Yan;DENG Zai-Gui;GONG Cheng;XU Chun-Yong;WANG Ke-Xiong;MEI Zhi-Gang(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10049,China;Wuhan Baiji Conservation Foundation,Wuhan 430076,China;Administrative Bureau of Hubei Changjiang Xinluo Baiji National Nature Reserve,Honghu 433200,China;Administrative Bureau of Tian-e-Zhou Baiji National Natural Reserve,Shishou 434400,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期1709-1718,共10页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301604)
长江老湾故道江豚野化放归技术咨询服务项目(Y990010901)资助。
关键词
长江
长江江豚
野化训练
适应性
放归
迁地保护
Yangtze River
Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeo rientalis
Acclimation
Adaptiveness
Release
Ex situ conservation
