摘要
以我国20世纪80年代以来4个不同时期大面积推广的玉米杂交种为材料,探究不同年代玉米杂交种穗部性状的变化特征及对种植密度的响应,为耐密品种选育提供参考依据。本研究选取1980s-2010s推广面积较大的12个玉米杂交种,采用裂区试验设计,设置6万株/hm^(2)和12万株/hm^(2)两个种植密度,4行区,3次重复,2017-2018年在辽宁省沈阳市和吉林省公主岭市进行鉴定,收获后调查穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重等穗部性状。结果表明,不同年代玉米品种的穗行数、行粒数和百粒重差异均达到极显著水平;随着年代更替,在不同种植密度下穗粗、秃尖长和百粒重均下降,穗长、穗行数和行粒数未发生显著变化。其中,秃尖长变化尤为显著,1980s-2010s期间平均每10年降幅0.24 cm(高种植密度)、0.19 cm(低种植密度)。随着种植密度增加,相同年代杂交种果穗均变短、穗变细、秃尖变长、行粒数减少,其中2000s新品种的穗长和2010s新品种的穗粗降幅最小,2010s新品种的秃尖增幅最小(1.04%),表明2000s后选育的玉米品种更耐密。在未来玉米耐密育种过程中,应在维持较高百粒重的同时,加强穗长、穗粗、秃尖等性状的协同改良,以达到增产的目的。
In order to provide the basis for the genetic improvement of density-tolerant varieties,the characteristics of ear traits were investigated in maize hybrids under different planting density conditions.Twelve maize hybrids that were popularized in China from four different eras since the 1980s were used in this study.From 2017 to 2018,these hybrids were cultivated in Shenyang city,Liaoning province and Gongzhuling city,Jilin province,with the two planting densities of 60,000 plants/hm^(2) and 120,000 plants/hm^(2),using split plot experiment design(four row plots,three replicates each).Ear length,ear diameter,bald tip length,rows per ear,kernels per row,and 100-kernel weight were investigated after harvest.These maize varieties showed extensively significant differences on rows per ear,kernels per row and 100-kernel weight.Ear diameter,bald tip length and 100-kernel weight decreased under different planting densities with the decades,while ear length,rows per ear,and kernels per row did not change significantly.The bald tip length was observed with especially significant difference,for example,with the average decrease of 0.24 cm(high planting density)and 0.19 cm(low planting density)every 10 years from 1980s to 2010s.Under higher planting density condition,shorter and thinner ear,longer bald tip and reduction on kernels per row were observed.New varieties released since 2000s became tolerant under higher planting density condition.For example,the ear length of 2000s new varieties and ear diameter of the 2010s new varieties decreased the lest,while the bald tip increase of the 2010s new varieties was the least with the value of 1.04%.In the future breeding for new high-yield varieties that are applicable under higher plant density,it is necessary to synergistically improve the ear length,ear diameter and bald tip,without a reduction on higher 100-kernel weight.
作者
张宇星
杨致远
张丰屹
李一
赵鑫哲
唐娟
史磊
刘晶
赵海岩
李明顺
张德贵
李新海
雍洪军
金峰
ZHANG Yu-xing;YANG Zhi-yuan;ZHANG Feng-yi;LI Yi;ZHAO Xin-zhe;TANG Juan;SHI Lei;LIU Jing;ZHAO Hai-yan;LI Ming-shun;ZHANG Dei-gui;LI Xin-hai;YONG Hong-jun;JIN Feng(Faculty of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricuttural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100081;Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,Gansu;Institute of Soybean,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086;Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Chengde 067000,Hebei;Maize Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1016-1023,共8页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1200802)
国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-02)。
