摘要
作为农业发展的核心要素,水土资源匹配态势与利用程度决定着中国农业可持续发展及食物安全。为优化中国农业水土资源配置,该研究基于2000—2020年31个省市的统计数据,采用基尼系数评价农业水土匹配状况,提出广义农业水土匹配系数揭示各省农业水土资源匹配状况及配比程度,联合匹配特征与水土利用状况确定各省农业水土资源利用类型区。结果表明:1)研究期内,中国灌溉水与耕地分布差距较大(基尼系数均值0.424),匹配情况变差;广义农业水资源与耕地资源分布相对合理(基尼系数均值为0.360),无显著变化趋势。地理区及省际间农业水土匹配程度存在较大差异。华北、西北和东北地区匹配状况为“土多水少”,华东、华中和西南地区匹配状况为“水多土少”,广东(广义农业水土匹配系数均值为2.06)和云南(广义农业水土匹配系数均值为1.02)匹配程度分别为各省市最低和最高,匹配状况均为“水多土少”;2)农业水土资源利用程度空间异质性明显,垦殖率东南高西北低,农业水资源利用程度北高南低;3)吉林、新疆、江苏水土资源配置情况变差(转为低匹配高开发区),北京水土资源配置情况有所好转(转为高匹配低开发区)。研究结果能够为国家农业水土资源优化配置相关决策提供支撑,对实现国家食物安全及农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
Water and land resources are the core elements of agricultural development,and their matching situation and degree of utilization determine agricultural sustainability and food security in China.In order to promote the optimal allocation of agricultural water and land resources in China,based on the statistical data for the 31 provinces in the mainland of China from 2000 to 2020,this study dynamically evaluated the matching degree of agricultural water and arable land resources according to the generalized agricultural water and land resources matching index and Gini index,determined the agricultural water and land resources zoning by integrating their matching degree and the utilization condition.The results showed that:1)During the study period,there was a large gap between the distribution of irrigation water and arable land in China,with the mean Gini index calculated as 0.424,and the matching situation had deteriorated.The distribution of generalized agricultural water resources and arable land resources was relatively reasonable,with the mean Gini index calculated as 0.360,and the change was relatively stable.Great differences on the matching degree existed between provinces and geographic areas.The matching conditions in North China,Northeast and Northwest were"more land and less water",and the matching conditions in East China,Central China and Southwest were"more water and less land".The average values of the generalized agricultural water and land resources matching index were 2.06 for Guangdong and 1.02 for Yunnan,presenting the lowest and highest matching degrees among the provinces,respectively.The variation in the generalized agricultural water and land resources matching index increased with the value of the matching index,and the values of the matching index were related to the share of precipitation,showing a first increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase of the share of precipitation.2)The utilization degree of agricultural water resources fluctuated with the abundance and decline
作者
刘统兵
方瑜
黄峰
王素芬
杜太生
康绍忠
LIU Tongbing;FANG Yu;HUANG Feng;WANG Sufen;DU Taisheng;KANG Shaozhong(Center for Agricultural Water Research in China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期56-65,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900801)
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2022-XY-58)。
关键词
农业
水
土壤
广义农业水土资源匹配
水土资源开发利用
可持续发展
中国
agriculture
water
soils
generalized agricultural water and land matching
exploitation and utilization of water and land resources
sustainable development
China
