摘要
室内商业步行街作为一种新兴的建筑形式,在给人们生活带来便利的同时,也带来严重的火灾隐患。其中衣物、货物、临时装饰材料的堆积、储藏,大大增加了阴燃火发生的概率和风险。通过在某室内商业步行街内开展的全尺寸棉绳阴燃火试验,研究可燃物阴燃燃烧过程、质量损失速率、烟气产生、扩散以及温度分布特征,对比分析不同火灾探测方法。结果表明,室内商业步行街棉绳火的阴燃过程主要有“明火燃烧-阴燃-熄灭”三个阶段,质量损失速率先增大后减小,并受到火源位置处通风状况的影响。烟气产生伴随于棉绳火的阴燃过程,在不同的火源位置处呈现出不同的扩散特征。相较于感温探测器,吸气式等感烟探测器更适用于阴燃火的探测。对于中庭等大空间,多类型感烟探测器的联合使用,能够提高对阴燃火探测报警的准确性。
As a new building form,the indoor commercial pedestrian street not only brings convenience to people's life,but also brings serious fire hazards.The accumulation and storage of clothing,goods and temporary decorative materials greatly increase the probability and risk of smouldering.Full-scale cotton rope smoldering tests were carried out in an indoor commercial pedestrian street and typical fire locations of the room and atrium were selected to investigate the smoldering combustion process,mass loss rate,and characteristics of smoke generation,diffusion and temperature distribution.In addition,different fire detection methods were compared and analyzed.The results show that the smouldering process of cotton rope fire in indoor commercial pedestrian street mainly includes three stages:flaming,smouldering,and extinguishing.The mass loss rate increases first and then decreases,and is affected by the ventilation condition at the fire location.The smoke production is associated with the smoldering process of cotton rope fire,and presents different diffusion characteristics at different fire locations.The smoke temperature caused by the smoldering is low in the indoor commercial pedestrian street,which leads to a better performance of smoke detector,e.g.the inhaling smoke detector,than the temperature detector.For large spaces,such as atriums,the combined utilization of multiple types of smoke detectors can improve the detection accuracy of smouldering.
作者
焦澳
范传刚
肖剑仁
JIAO Ao;FAN Chuangang;XIAO Jianren(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075;Fujian Provincial Institute of Architectural Design and Research CO.,LTD.,Fuzhou 350001)
出处
《福建建筑》
2023年第6期137-142,共6页
Fujian Architecture & Construction
基金
福建省科技计划项目“室内商业步行街火灾烟气蔓延特性及控制关键技术研究与应用”(2019Y3002)。
关键词
室内商业步行街
火源位置
棉绳火
阴燃特性
火灾探测
Indoor commercial pedestrian street
Fire location
Cotton rope fire
Smoldering characteristic
Fire detection
