摘要
风力发电机组叶片塔架间隙(简称风机的净空)是指风力发电机的旋转叶片与安装叶片的塔架之间必须保持的最小距离,此间隙对于确保叶片不会撞击塔架(又称扫塔)非常重要,否则可能会损坏风机或造成安全隐患。风机的净空受机组载荷、风场湍流等多种因素的影响,能反映风机的运行状态是否健康,并且在风电机组实际运行中风况复杂多变可能导致叶尖向塔筒方向变形,因此提出一种基于视频的风机叶片净空距离检测方法。在1.5 MW正常运行风机下进行实验,将摄像机放置在风机运行时的机舱正下方,对摄像机拍摄的视频进行多帧图像处理,使用OpenCV在Python环境下进行图像增强和高斯滤波等图像预处理;使用改进Canny边缘检测算子提取塔筒和叶片的轮廓,然后对轮廓进行特征点提取,得到叶尖点和塔筒中心点;最后通过单目相机标定和世界坐标系转换将像素距离转换为实际距离,并在不同天气条件和不同风速下分别进行实验。结果表明,较大风速下风机叶片的净空距离在7.22 m左右,较小风速下净空距离在9.26 m左右。
Wind turbine blade tower clearance(referred to as wind turbine clearance)refers to the minimum distance that must be kept between the rotating blades of wind turbine and the tower where the blades are installed.This clearance is very important to ensure that the blades will not hit the tower(also known as tower sweeping),otherwise it may damage the fan or cause safety hazards.The clearance of wind turbine is affected by several factors,for example,unit load,wind field turbulence,which can reflect whether the operation status of the wind turbine is healthy,and the complex and variable wind conditions in the actual operation of the wind turbine may lead to the deformation of the blade tip towards the tower drum.Therefore,a video⁃based detection method for the clearance distance of wind turbine blades is proposed.The test is performed under the normal operation of 1.5 MW wind turbine.The camera is placed directly under the engine room when the fan is running.Multi⁃frame image processing is performed on the video taken by the camera.OpenCV is used to perform image enhancement and Gaussian filtering and other image preprocessing in the Python environment.The improved Canny edge detection operator is used to extract the contour of the tower drum and the blade,and then the feature points of the contour is extracted to obtain the tip point and the center point of the tower drum.The pixel distance is converted into actual distance by monocular camera calibration and world coordinate system conversion.Experiments are carried out under different weather conditions and different wind speeds.The results show that the clearance distance of the fan blade is about 7.22 meters at high wind speed and about 9.26 meters at low wind speed.
作者
杜杰
薛宇
DU Jie;XUE Yu(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266000,China)
出处
《现代电子技术》
2023年第15期43-48,共6页
Modern Electronics Technique
基金
中国海洋大学海上风电智能测控研究中心及实验室建设项目(861901013159)。
关键词
风力发电机
单目测距
叶片净空
图像处理
边缘检测
风机运维
CANNY算子
相机标定
wind turbine
monocular ranging
blade clearance
image processing
edge detection
wind turbine operation and maintenance
Canny operator
camera calibration
