摘要
莫斯卡(1858—1941年)是20世纪意大利知名的“精英三杰”之一,与帕累托、米歇尔斯一起,对构筑西方政治思想史上颇具特色的“精英主义民主观”做出了重大贡献。莫斯卡从小便立定学术志向,后转益多师,形成了自身独特的思想视角,并以如椽巨笔撰写了体大思精的《政治科学要义》一书,奠定了其思想大家地位。莫斯卡深受马基雅维利式现实主义政治观之影响,并在与同时代思想家如克罗齐、帕累托和米歇尔斯等人的交流碰撞中,在对于政治实践的亲身参与和体悟中,不断砥砺思想锋芒、调适思想架构与完备思想要旨。莫斯卡的“精英主义民主观”是对现代大众民主浪潮的系统反思,力图在新的时代情境下诊断大众民主所固有的缺陷与弊病,旨在对症下药,设计出一种平衡精英统治与大众民主的多元主义制度构架,如此才能维持一种中道与均衡的良善政治秩序。莫斯卡的“精英主义民主观”折射出民主的理想与现实之对立统一,是对民主观的一种极大丰富与延伸。后世思想家如熊彼特、米尔斯、达尔等人对莫斯卡的民主观进行了扬弃,打造出了一套更加丰富而完整的精英民主理论。
Gaetano Mosca(1858-1941)was one of the famous“Three Men of Elitism”in Italy in the 20th Century.Together with Pareto and Michels,he made great contributions to the construction of the characteristic“View of Elitist Democracy”in the history of Western political thought.Mosca established his academic ambition since childhood,and then became a student of different masters.He formed his own unique perspective of thought,and wrote the masterpiece Elements of Political Science,which established his position as a true master of thought.Mosca was deeply influenced by Machiavelli's realistic political view,and in the communication and confrontation with his contemporary thinkers such as Croce,Pareto and Michels,and in the personal participation in and understanding of political practice,he constantly enhanced his critical spirit,adjusted his critical-thinking framework and improved his critical-thinking gist.Mosca's“View of Elitist Democracy”was a systematic reflection on the wave of modern mass democracy,and he tried to diagnose the inherent defects and drawbacks of mass democracy in the new era,aiming to design a pluralist institutional framework that could balance meritocracy and mass democracy so as to maintain a middle-way and balanced good political order.Mosca's“View of Elitist Democracy”reflected the unity of opposition between democratic ideal and reality,which was a great contribution to and extension of the existing view of democracy.Later thinkers such as Schumpeter,Mills,Dahl and others developed the useful and discarded the useless in Mosca's view of democracy and created a richer and more complete theory of elitist democracy.
作者
朱兵
ZHU Bing(Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第4期87-104,共18页
The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“西方国别政治思想史”(项目号:13&ZD149)子课题“意大利政治思想史”的阶段性研究成果。
