摘要
马基雅维利认为共和国相较于君主国而言更具有扩张性方面的优势,并且认为可以在此世凭借人的能力建立一个“永恒共和国”,而不用依赖神的力量。但这一判断面临的最大问题是命运所带来的不确定性,几乎所有帝国都有可能在时间中腐化而衰落。如何理解这一看似矛盾的主张?本文在斯金纳、波考克等人的工作基础上,试图将“永恒共和国”作为一个问题在马基雅维利研究领域中提出来,借此阐发马基雅维利共和理论中的内在张力。不同于古典和中世纪传统中对“永恒共和国”的理解与期待,马基雅维利强调共和国的“永恒”,但这种永恒是在世俗化的时间中能力与命运对抗产生的稳定性,它不具有彼岸世界的绝对确定性,而只有相对于时间中必然包含的偶然性的确定性。马基雅维利的共和理论可以被理解为始终围绕这一矛盾的调和而展开。
Machiavelli believes that republics have an advantage over principalities in terms of expansion,and human can build a“perpetual republic”in this world by human“virtue”without dependence on God's authority.However,the biggest problem in this argument is the uncertainty brought by fortune.Almost every republic might corrode and then decline as time marches on.How to interpret this seemingly contradictory idea?Based on works by Skinner,Pocock and others,this paper attempts to present the“perpetual republic”as a problem in the field of Machiavellian studies and tries to clarify the inherent tension of Machiavelli's republican theory.Unlike the understanding and expectation of the“perpetual republic”in the classical and medieval traditions,Machiavelli emphasizes the“eternity”of the republic.But this eternity is the stability arising from the confrontation between virtue and fortune in secularized time,which doesn't have the absolute certainty of the other world,but only the certainty relative to the contingencies necessarily contained in time.Machiavelli's republican theory could be understood as always being centered on the reconciliation of this contradiction.
作者
段德敏
张开
DUAN De-min;ZHANG Kai(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第4期76-86,共11页
The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition
基金
北京市社会科学基金规划项目“代表理论视角下的民主过程研究”
北京大学公共治理研究所重点项目“中外政治思想与制度研究”(项目号:TDXM202101)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
马基雅维利
永恒共和国
扩张
命运
自由
Machiavelli
perpetual republic
expansion
fortune
liberty
