摘要
地形重塑是矿区废弃地生态重建的基础工程,影响着整个生态重建的效果。近自然地形重塑技术以邻近未扰动的自然地貌为参照进行地形构建,近年来成为矿区土地复垦和生态重建所关注的热点。但在近自然地形重塑时,究竟需要参照自然地形哪些方面的特征、需要用到哪些必要的参数指标、依据哪些指标对地形设计结果进行评价?这些问题尚缺乏系统的讨论。本文以西北干旱荒漠区为目标区域,运用“扎根理论”对这些问题进行了系统的探讨。我们基于大量文献调研和12位专家的半结构式访谈资料,依据“扎根理论”方法进行三层编码,最终构建了矿区废弃地近自然地形重塑的三级指标体系。该指标体系包含3个主类别、8个次类别和26项参数。所制定的参数指标可支撑近自然地形设计流程中的各个环节,并可涵盖矿区地形重塑中多个方面的指标需求。该工作可为进一步深入研究近自然地形重塑方法、完善其技术体系提供有力支撑。
Topographic reconstruction is the fundamental task of the ecological rehabilitation in abandoned mines,which affects the results of the whole ecological system rehabilitation.The technology of near-natural topographic reconstruction constructs the terrain by using the adjacent,undisturbed natural terrains as a reference,and it has become a hot research issue for land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation in recent years.But in reconstructing the near-natural terrain,one must first determine what kinds of characteristics of the natural terrain should be re-ferred to,what necessary parameters should be used,and what indexes should be used to evaluate the results of the topographical design.All these issues still have not been investigated systematically.In this study,the arid de-sert region in Northwest China was taken as the target area and the theoretical analysis tool of the“Grounded Theory”was applied to discuss these issues systematically.Based on a large amount of literature research and the records obtained from the semi-structured interviews of 12 experts,a three-level parameter system for the near-natural topographic reconstruction in the abandoned mines was finally constructed by three-level coding using the method of the“Grounded Theory”.The parameter system contains a total of three main categories,eight sub-categories,and 26 parameters.The parameters developed in the system can support all aspects of the near-natural terrain design processes,and they can cover the parameter needs in multiple aspects of the topo-graphic reconstruction of the mining sites.This work can provide support for further research on the methods of near-natural topographic reconstruction and improve its technical system.
作者
杨刚
宋彤彤
张成梁
YANG Gang;SONG Tongtong;ZHANG Chengliang(School of Information Science and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center for Forestry-oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100095,China)
基金
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504404)。
关键词
矿区废弃地
生态修复
近自然
地形重塑
西北干旱荒漠区
abandoned mines
ecological rehabilitation
near-natural
topographic reconstruction
arid desert region in Northwest China
