摘要
土壤风蚀是制约西北干旱荒漠地区社会活动与经济发展的重要因素。为揭示西北干旱荒漠区土壤风蚀气候侵蚀力分布,通过中国区域地面长时间序列气象要素驱动数据,并结合Arc GIS软件分析,评估了该区风蚀气候侵蚀力时空变化与转移特征。研究结果显示:(1)西北干旱荒漠区在降水量、风速以及多年平均温度等气象因素均表现为随年代际递增的背景下,风蚀气候侵蚀力呈现出整体降低,大部分区域C值介于0-100,但在腹地及少数部分区域为增长趋势,C值高于150;(2)月际C值变化差异明显,春夏季最大、其次为冬季,最小为秋季;突变性检验发现风蚀气候侵蚀力在春季变异最强,有4个突变点,且长期处于波动式下降;(3)区域土壤风蚀程度由腹地向四周逐渐减小,且高侵蚀影响面积逐年递增;(4)风蚀气候侵蚀力时空转移变化特征表现为整体为小幅度衰减,但部分地区却表现为增加甚至明显增加趋势。研究成果可为西北干旱荒漠区风沙灾害防治提供相应的理论依据和科技支撑。
Soil wind erosion is an important factor that inhibits social activities and economic development in the arid desert region of northwestern China.In order to reveal the distribution of soil wind erosion climate erosivity in the arid desert region of northwestern China,the spatial and temporal variation and transfer characteristics of wind erosion climate erosivity in the region were evaluated by referring to China’s regional ground long-time series me-teorological element driving data,and applying the ArcGIS software analysis.The study results show that:(1)Against a backdrop that such meteorological factors as precipitation amount,wind speed,and average temperature over multiple years all increase progressively decade by decade,the wind erosion climate erosivity in the northwest arid desert region is decreasing as a whole.The C values of most areas are within the range of 0 to 100.However,the climate erosivity in the hinterland and a few areas is increasing,with C values higher than 150.(2)The monthly variation of the C value varies significantly.The greatest variation occurs in spring and summer,followed by the variation in winter,while the slightest variation occurs in autumn.Through the abrupt change test,it is found that the wind erosion climate erosivity in spring has the strongest variation,with four abrupt change points and a pattern of long-term fluctuating decline.(3)The soil wind erosion in the region gradually decreases from the hinterland to the peripheral areas,with the areas highly affected by erosion increasing yearly.(4)The spatial-temporal transfer and variation of wind erosion climate erosivity present an overall pattern of slight decrease.However,in some areas,they increase or show an apparent trend of increase.The study results have provided relevant theoretical evidence and scientific support for preventing and controlling wind‒sand disasters in the arid desert region of northwestern China.
作者
麻文章
杨瑾
丁思睿
史常青
赵廷宁
MA Wenzhang;YANG Jin;DING Sirui;SHI Changqing;ZHAO Tingning(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Institute of Water,Beijing 100048,China)
基金
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504403)。
关键词
风蚀
气候侵蚀力
西北干旱荒漠区
时空变化
wind erosion
climatic erosivity
northwest arid desert region
spatio-temporal variation
