摘要
农业生产对水资源的需求及消耗巨大,为探索区域性农业水资源利用的可持续性,为陕西省农业生产的水资源管理和农业可持续发展提供数据支撑,本研究运用水足迹理论,基于气象数据及农作物种植管理数据,分析了陕西省2011-2020年代表性农作物(夏玉米、冬小麦、大豆、苹果和露地蔬菜)生产在地级市尺度的单位面积水足迹数量及组成结构、地区特征及全省主要农作物生产的总水足迹及其占比和年际变化趋势。结果表明:(1)在省级尺度上,陕西省主要农作物单位生产面积的水足迹依次为苹果(10498.6m~3·hm~(-2))、露地蔬菜(10233.6m~3·hm~(-2))、大豆(5451.7m~3·hm~(-2))、夏玉米(4771.9m~3·hm~(-2))和冬小麦(3357.4m~3·hm~(-2)),露地蔬菜和苹果生产的单位面积水足迹是粮食作物的2倍以上,非自然降水水资源(蓝水和灰水)消耗占比分别达农业生产水资源消耗的75.7%和55.3%。(2)陕西省10a平均农作物生产总水足迹依次为苹果(69.1亿m~3)、露地蔬菜(37.7亿m~3)、冬小麦(33.7亿m~3)、夏玉米(26.8亿m~3)和大豆(8.9亿m~3);露地蔬菜灌溉水资源消耗量高于其他农作物,苹果和露地蔬菜因氮肥施用而消耗的水资源量高于其他农作物;种植面积占全省农作物总面积31%的水果和蔬菜作物,其水足迹占到农作物总水足迹的47%,优化蔬菜和水果种植生产过程的水肥管理益于高效释放陕西省农业节水潜力。(3)在市级尺度上,苹果生产水足迹集中于延安、咸阳和渭南地区(77.0%),露地蔬菜水足迹集中在关中和陕南地区(90.4%),夏玉米和冬小麦集中于关中地区(84.9%和87.1%),大豆生产主要集中于陕北和陕南地区(81.1%)。不同作物集中产区区域水资源高效利用及降低农作物生产水足迹策略需因地制宜,结合作物特性和当地实际实行集雨节水灌溉、高效节水灌溉技术及水氮耦合等农作管理措施进行综合调控,以实现农业生产节水增�
The demand of crop production to water resources is huge.In order to guide the strategies on water and nitrogen management study in sustainable agriculture,it is crucial to calculate the water footprint(WF)and analyze its characteristics.Taking Shaanxi province as the research area,WFs of three types crops including cereal,vegetable and fruit crops were calculated at the prefecture city level during 2011-2020 at the per unit area and total province level.The specific WFs and compositional structure,including green water footprint(GWF),blue water footprint(BWF)and grey water footprint(RWF)of major crop production at the prefecture city level and associated characteristics,were calculated and analyzed.Based on the calculation and analysis,suggestions on reducing WF and promoting for the sustainable agriculture were proposed.In the calculation,WF theory was used based on other data including meteorological data,statistical yearbook etc.Results showed that:(1)at the provincial level,the average WF per unit production area of major crops in Shaanxi province was ranked by:apples(10498.6m3×ha-1),open-field vegetable(10233.6m3×ha-1),soybean(5451.7m3×ha-1),summer maize(4771.9m3×ha-1)and winter wheat(3357.4m3×ha-1),the WF at per unit area for either apples or open-field vegetable were more than twice that of food crops,and non-natural precipitation water consumption(BWF and RWF)of open-field vegetable and apple production accounts for 75.7%and 55.3%in the total three fraction WFs,respectively.(2)The WF of crop production averaged in ten-years at the province level was ranked by apple(6.91 billion m3),open field vegetable(3.77 billion m3),winter wheat(3.37 billion m3),summer maize(2.68 billion m3)and soybeans(890 million m3)in order.The irrigation water consumed by open-field vegetables was higher than that for other crops,and the water consumption from either apples or open-field vegetables production due to nitrogen fertilizer application were higher than that from other crops.The water footprint of fruits and of veg
作者
何雨桐
谢立勇
靳泽群
李阔
柳瀛
郭李萍
HE Yu-tong;XIE Li-yong;JIN Ze-qun;LI Kuo;LIU Ying;GUO Li-ping(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab for Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期560-574,共15页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家自然科学基金(41875141)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。
关键词
水足迹
灰水足迹
水资源
节水灌溉
作物生产
Water footprint
Grey water footprint
Water resources
Water-saving irrigation
Crop production
