摘要
英国科学史家李约瑟从世界视角出发,通过对中国科学的全面系统考察,致力于揭示中国科学的世界地位,提出了“李约瑟问题”,既包含欧洲视角下的“为什么近代科学产生于欧洲,却没有产生于中国”的疑问,又包含中国视角下的“为什么在文艺复兴以前,中国科技比欧洲更为先进”的疑问。中国古代长期而规模庞大的科学实践构成了世界科学的重要内涵,并参与塑造了世界科学的发展轨迹。当前仍应从世界视角出发,立足于中国本位,揭示中国古代科学的发展道路与内在逻辑。中国古代建立起长期稳定而强大的“王朝国家”,一方面推动了“王朝科学”思想与技术的不断涌现,另一方面呈现出对于“王朝科学”的强力管控,导致中国古代科学缺乏重大变革,部分领域甚至由于缺乏国家的长期支持,而陷于停滞乃至倒退。
Needham,a British historian of science,from the perspective of the world,through a comprehensive and systematic investigation of Chinese science,devoted himself to revealing the status of Chinese science in the world,and put forward the “Needham question”,which includes not only the question “Why did modern science originate in Europe but not in China” from the perspective of Europe,but also the question “Why was Chinese science more advanced than European science before the Renaissance?” from the perspective of China.The long-term and large-scale scientific practice in ancient China constituted the important connotation of world science and participated in shaping the development track of world science.At present,it is still necessary to reveal the development path and internal logic of ancient Chinese science from the perspective of the world and based on the China standard.The establishment of a long-term stable and powerful “dynastic state” in ancient China,on the one hand,promoted the continuous emergence of the ideas and technologies of “dynastic science”;on the other hand,the strong control of “dynastic science” appeared,resulting in the lack of significant changes in ancient Chinese science,and some fields even fell into stagnation or even retrogression due to the lack of long-term support from the state.
出处
《中州学刊》
北大核心
2023年第7期130-138,共9页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
关键词
世界视角
“李约瑟问题”
王朝国家
王朝科学
world perspective
“Needham question”
dynastic state
dynastic science
