摘要
为提高旱直播水稻耕播质量,实现旱直播水稻的高产稳产,在2020和2021年探究了秸秆全量还田下双轴旱地旋耕条播(T1)、单轴旱地旋耕条播(T2)和免耕撒播方式(T3)对旱直播水稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在水稻各主要生育时期,土壤容重均以T1处理最低,T3处理最高,而土壤孔隙度则以T1处理最高,T3处理最低。在水稻生长方面,与T2和T3处理相比,T1处理显著改善了水稻的根系氧化力,促进了分蘖的发生,同时T1处理下地上部关键时期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量和主要时期的光合势和群体生长率均提高。在产量及其构成因素方面,与T2和T3处理相比,T1处理的有效穗数和群体颖花量显著增加,穗粒数略有增加,但千粒重和结实率无显著差异,使得2年水稻产量均呈现T1>T2>T3,且各处理间差异显著。综上所述,在秸秆全量还田条件下,采用双轴旱地旋耕条播方式有利于改善土壤性状,增加根系活力,从而促进旱直播稻的高产稳产。
In order to improve the cultivation quality of rice in dry direct-seeding and achieve its high and stable grain yield,the effects of different tillage and sowing methods,dryland biaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method(T1),dryland uniaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method(T2)and dryland no-tillage and broadcast sowing method(T3),on the growth and yield of dry direct-seeding rice under full straw returning were investigated in 2020 and 2021.The results showed that the soil bulk density was the lowest in T1 and the highest in T3 treatment,while the soil porosity was the highest in T1 and the lowest in T3 treatment.In terms of rice growth,compared with T2 and T3 treatments,T1 significantly improved the root oxidation activity and promoted the occurrence of tillering of rice.At the same time,the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of the shoot in the main stages and the photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate in the main stages were improved under T1 treatment.In terms of grain yield and its components,compared with T2 and T3 treatments,T1 treatment significantly increased the number of panicles and spikelets,slightly increased spikelets per panicle,but there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate,which made the grain yield of different treatments showed the rule of T1>T2>T3 in two years,and there were significant differences among all treatments.In summary,under the condition of full straw returning to the paddy field,the dryland biaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method was beneficial to soil properties and increase root activity,and promoted the high and stable grain yield of dry direct-seeding rice.
作者
卫云飞
李猛
季新
刘娟王
付娟
刘秋员
Wei Yunfei;Li Meng;Ji Xin;Liu Juan;Wang Fujuan;Liu Qiuyuan(Xinyang Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Improvement,Physiology and Ecology/Xinyang High Quality Rice Engineering Technology Research Center/Agriculture College,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2023年第3期94-100,共7页
Crops
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32201701)
河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110129)
信阳市创新应用专项(20210006)
信阳农林学院科技创新团队(KJCXTD-202006)。
关键词
耕播方式
秸秆还田
旱直播
产量
水稻
Tillage and sowing method
Straw returned
Dry direct-seeding
Yield
Rice
