摘要
ChatGPT类人工智能是一种以“概率分布”为核心的大语言模型,在出色应用表现的背后,其并未脱离弱人工智能的定位。相较于以往的人工智能,主要体现出“工具”属性的弱化和“类人”属性的增强。此类人工智能尚不具备刑法中的辨认、控制能力,无法成为刑事责任主体。在著作权领域,人工智能本身不符合著作权保护的立法目的,无法成为著作权主体,但无人类参与的人工智能生成物属于具有独创性的“智力成果”,应作为受著作权法保护的作品。在该类作品的权利主体认定上,人工智能的研发者、使用者均不具备权利主体资格,可以借鉴“孤儿作品”制度,设立专门机构并将其拟制为人工智能作品的权利主体。具有著作财产权属性的作品可以成为著作权的对象以纳入刑法保护范围。具体而言,基于人工智能及其作品的特征,应排除《刑法》第217条第3至5项的适用;单一复制行为同样具有社会危害性,“复制发行”应理解为“复制或复制且发行”,在侵犯人工智能作品犯罪中存在适用空间;在行为定性上,应当区分不同情形进行具体分析。
ChatGPT is a type of artificial intelligence that is a large language model based on the“probability distribution”as its core.Despite its outstanding application performance,it has not departed from the position of weak artificial intelligence.Compared with previous artificial intelligence,it mainly embodies the weakening of the“tool”attribute and the strengthening of the“human-like”attribute.Such artificial intelligence does not have the recognition and control abilities stipulated in criminal law and cannot become the subject of criminal responsibility.In the field of copyright,artificial intelligence itself does not meet the legislative purpose of copyright protection and cannot become the subject of copyright.However,creations generated by artificial intelligence without human involvement are considered“intellectual achievements”with originality and should be protected by copyright law.Works with copyright property rights can also be the subject of copyright protection under criminal law.Regarding the identification of the subject of rights for such works,neither the developers nor the users of artificial intelligence have the qualifications to be the subject of rights.Therefore,a specialized agency can be established to act as the subject of rights for artificial intelligence works,using the“orphan works”system as a reference.
作者
李翔
旷银
LI Xiang;KUANG Yin(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《贵州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第4期78-91,共14页
Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划项目“轻罪立法研究”(2022ZFX004)的阶段性成果。
关键词
ChatGPT
刑事责任主体
人工智能生成物
著作权犯罪
刑法保护
ChatGPT
criminal responsibility subject
artificial intelligence-generated object
crime of infringing copyright
criminal law protection
