摘要
采用现代茶树无性系短穗扦插繁育技术,是加快培育无性系茶树良种步伐,调整优化茶园品种结构,实现茶园优质、高产、稳产、高效最有效的途径之一。该技术具有抗旱、抗寒、抗病虫能力强,适应性广、投产早、产量高、品质独特,便于机械化作业,可在有性群体茶树砧木上嫁接,培育茶树新品种,提高茶园综合经济效益等优势。目前,西藏茶树品种(茶苗)主要从内地调运,茶苗价格和运输成本较高;由于运输途中对茶苗根损害严重,且外地茶苗适应本地环境较慢,导致茶苗死苗较多、缺苗断垄现象严重。因此,充分利用西藏适宜茶区丰富的光热资源,大力推广设施无性系茶苗繁育技术,加快本土茶树良种选育、示范及推广步伐,促进西藏本地无性系优良茶树品种的选育十分必要。该文采用采穗母树优质枝条、母本园建立、苗圃地选择、苗床整理、扦插时期、苗圃管理、茶苗质量、检验出圃和包装运输的技术,建立健全的西藏茶树良种育、繁、推一体化体系,解决本土茶树良种(茶苗)严重不足的突出问题,提高茶树品种的良种化和本土化,促进西藏茶产业高质量发展。
The application of modern tea clone cuttage breeding technology is to speed up the breeding of tea clone elite varieties,adjust and optimize the variety structure of tea plantation,and it is one of the most effective ways to realize high quality,high yield,stable yield and high efficiency in tea garden.It has the advantage of drought resistance,cold resistance,disease and insect resistance,wide adaptability,early production,high yield and unique quality,convenient mechanized operation,grafting on sexual groups of tea stock,cultivating new tea varieties,and improving comprehensive economic benefit of tea garden.At present,Tibetan tea varieties(tea seedlings)are mainly transported from the mainland with high tea seedling prices and higher transportation costs.Meanwhile,during transportation,root damage of tea seedlings is more serious,and foreign tea seedlings are slow to adapt to the local environment,which led to more dead seedlings and serious ridge breaking phenomenon.Therefore,we should make full use of the abundant light and heat resources in the suitable tea area of Tibet,vigorously popularize the technology of facility clonal tea seedling breeding,speed up the breeding,demonstration and promotion of superior local tea trees,and promote the breeding of superior local clonal tea trees in Tibet.This technology includes the selection of superior branch of mother tree,establishment of mother garden,nursery selection,nursery bed preparation,cutting period,nursery management,tea seedling quality,inspection and packing and transportation.The application of this technology can establish and improve the integrated system of cultivation,propagation and promotion of superior tea seed in Tibet,solve the prominent problem of serious shortage of superior tea seedling in local tea tree,improve the cultivation and localization of tea varieties,and promote the high-quality development of tea industry in Tibet.
作者
吴金次仁
旺杰次仁
Wujingciren;Wangjiecireng(Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Tibet Lhasa 850000,China)
出处
《西藏农业科技》
2023年第2期66-69,共4页
Tibet Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
西藏自治区科学技术厅中央引导地方项目“西藏古茶树品种资源普查与繁育”(XZ202102YD0023C)。
关键词
茶树良种
无性系
扦插繁育
tea elite varieties
clones
cuttage propagation
