摘要
为进一步提升水资源利用效率,结合用水效率指标及数据包络分析法(DEA)和Malmquist指数法对2011—2020年山东省16个地市的水资源利用效率进行了定性和定量评估。结果表明:山东省用水效率相对全国总体偏高,但存在区域发展不均衡等特点。无论农业、工业还是综合用水水平,胶东半岛用水效率均为全省最高(尤其是青岛市),其次为鲁中,再次为鲁南,鲁西北用水效率最低(尤其是滨州和聊城市)。全省有8个地市(济南、青岛、淄博、烟台、济宁、威海、日照和菏泽市)DEA达到有效,且规模和技术均有效,其他8个地市未达到DEA有效,尤其是聊城市水资源综合利用效率为全省最低。2011—2020年期间,山东省全要素生产率(TFP)变化指数平均升高8.2%,用水效率整体呈上升趋势,主要受到技术进步增长的影响;其中胶东半岛的青岛、烟台和威海市增长幅度最大,均超过10%。但自2014年以来,全省TFP指数总体呈下降趋势,甚至于2019—2020年降低至1以下,因此水资源利用效率亟待提升。未来山东省有必要加大科技投入,促进技术创新,适当控制鲁西北和鲁南地区的生产规模,并加快非常规水资源的利用水平,保障水资源的可持续利用和经济社会的高质量发展。
In order to further enhance the water use efficiency(WUE),four WUE indicators as well as the data envelopment analysis(DEA)model and Malmquist index were combined to evaluate the WUE of 16 cities in Shandong Province during 2011-2020.The results showed that the WUE in Shandong Province was overall higher than that of China,but its development was unbalanced in different cities of the province.The agricultural,industrial and comprehensive water use levels in Jiaodong Peninsula were the highest among Shandong Province(especially Tsingtao City),followed by central Shandong Province,then southern Shandong Province,and northwestern Shandong Province ranked lowest(especially Binzhou and Liaocheng cities).The DEA was effective for 8 cities(Jinan,Tsingtao,Zibo,Yantai,Jining,Weihai,Rizhao and Heze)in terms of scale and technology;whereas the other 8 cities could not achieve the DEA effectiveness,among which Liaocheng City had the lowest WUE over the whole province.Furthermore,the total factor productivity(TFP)change index of Shandong Province has increased by 8.2%on average from 2011 to 2020,suggesting that the WUE in Shandong Province showed an upward trend mainly due to the increase in the technological progress.Particularly,the TFP index has increased by more than 10%in Tsingtao,Yantai and Weihai cities.However,it has overall declined since 2014 over the whole province,which even dropped to less than one during 2019-2020.Therefore,the WUE of Shandong Province needs to be improved urgently in the near future.In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources and the high-quality development of economic society,it is suggested that the investment in science and technology should be strengthened and the technological innovation should be promoted in Shandong Province.In addition,it is necessary to reasonably control the production scale in northwestern and southern Shandong Province and to promote the use of unconventional water resources.
作者
姜德娟
李丽娟
JIANG Dejuan;LI Lijuan(CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes,Yantai 264003,China)
出处
《水资源与水工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期10-18,共9页
Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72050001)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022ME100)。
