摘要
日本建设世界农业强国离不开农业机械化的支撑,而农业机械化的发展又离不开系列农业政策的扶持。通过梳理可知,日本政府主要从两条路径来推动农业机械化的发展:一是从20世纪60年代开始对共同利用的农机购买提供补贴,并为农户购机提供融资,在以水稻为主的农业生产达到较高机械化水平后购机补贴逐步退出,现阶段只在少数地区和环节保留,最终形成以政策性金融为主的支持政策。二是日本政府从20世纪90年代开始实施农业机械紧急开发事业,积极推动产学研推一体化,通过规范种植标准和促进零部件通用化等方式,为农业机械化全程全面发展奠定了坚实的装备基础。通过消费端和供给端两类政策的引导与支持,逐步形成全程全面高质高效的农业机械化发展格局。中国应该借鉴日本建立多元的农业机械化支持政策体系、动态调整购置补贴范围及比例、积极发挥农村金融在农机具推广过程中的作用、推动产学研合作补齐农机装备短板等有效做法,进一步优化现行农机支持政策。
Japan cannot build a world agricultural power without the support of agricultural mechanization,and the development of agricultural mechanization cannot be achieved without the support of a series of agricultural policies.Through combing,it can be seen that the Japanese government mainly promotes the develop-ment of agricultural mechanization from two paths:First,from the 1960s to provide subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery for common use,and provide financing for farmers to purchase machinery,after the agricultural production,mainly rice,reached a high level of mechanization,subsidies for the purchase of machinery gradually withdrew,at this stage only in a few areas and links to retain,and finally formed a support policy based on the purchase of machinery credit.Second,the Japanese government from the 1990s to implement the urgent development of agricultural machinery business,and actively promote the integration of industry,academia,research and push,through the standardization of planting standards and promote the generalization of parts and components,etc.,to lay a solid foundation of equipment for the full development of agricultural mechanization.Through the policy guidance and support on both the consumer side and the supply side,a comprehensive,high quality and efficient agricultural mechanization development pattern is gradually formed.China should learn from Japan to establish a diversified agricultural mechanization support policy system,dynamically adjust the scope and proportion of purchase subsidies,actively play the role of rural finance in the process of agricultural machinery promotion,and promote cooperation between industry,aca-demia and research to make up for the shortcomings of agricultural machinery equipment and other effective practices to further optimize the current agricultural machinery support policy.
作者
薛洲
高强
XUE Zhou;GAO Qiang
出处
《世界农业》
2023年第7期52-63,共12页
World Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“农机补贴政策对农机企业创新的溢出效应及政策优化研究——基于购置补贴与作业补贴的比较”(72203093)。
关键词
农业机械化支持政策
农机推广
装备供给
经验借鉴
Agricultural Mechanization Support Policy
Agricultural Machinery Promotion
Equipment Supply
Lessons Learned
