摘要
近、超临界流体具备优良的输运和热力学性质,可广泛应用于化工、环境、机械和热能利用等领域。由于临界点附近包括流体密度在内的热物性会发生大幅改变,因此准确确定流体的临界点,包括临界温度、临界压力和临界密度数据,对指导热力循环和系统部件设计优化有重要意义。目前实验测量是获取高精度临界参数的最直接方式。本文首先概述了气液临界点理论、临界参数的研究现状及其典型应用场景;其次,综述了目前临界参数主要的测量方法,包括定容法、变容法、流动法、脉冲加热法、密度直线中径定律法、压力-体积-温度(p-V-T)关系法、准静态热分析法和物理性质法等,总结了这些方法的优缺点、适用范围、准确性和主要研究机构;最后,探讨了临界参数测量方法当前面临的挑战和未来发展趋势。
Near-critical and supercritical fluids have excellent transport and thermodynamic properties and can be widely used in fields such as chemical engineering,environment,machinery,and thermal energy utilization.Since the thermophysical properties including fluid density will change substantially near the critical point,it is of great significance to accurately determine the critical point of the fluid,including critical temperature,critical pressure and critical density data,to guide the optimization of thermodynamic cycle and system component design.Currently,experimental measurement is the most direct way to obtain high-precision critical parameters.This article first outlines the theory of gas-liquid critical points,the current research status of critical parameters,and their typical application scenarios.Secondly,it summarizes the main measurement methods of critical parameters,including constant volume method,variable volume method,flow method,pulse heating method,density line midpoint law method,pressure-volume-temperature(p-V-T)relationship method,quasi-static thermal analysis method,and physical property method.The advantages and disadvantages,scope of application,accuracy and main research institutions of these methods are summarized.Finally,the challenges and future development trends of critical parameter measurement methods are discussed.
作者
姚晓宇
沈俊
李健
李振兴
康慧芳
唐博
董学强
公茂琼
YAO Xiaoyu;SHEN Jun;LI Jian;LI Zhenxing;KANG Huifang;TANG Bo;DONG Xueqiang;GONG Maoqiong(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China)
出处
《化工学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1847-1861,共15页
CIESC Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52176172)
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22B20112)
北京市自然科学基金项目(3222031)。
关键词
临界参数
热力学性质
汽液平衡
混合物
超临界流体
critical parameters
thermodynamic properties
vapor-liquid equilibria
mixtures
supercritical fluid
