摘要
新中国成立70多年来,中国的粮食安全水平不断提高,以低于世界人均的水土资源实现了高于世界人均的食物消费水平。中国粮食安全取得举世瞩目的成就,一方面归功于国内粮食综合生产能力的不断提升,另一方面也得益于中国全球领先的贸易开放程度和外部粮源的有效利用,农产品贸易已全面融入中国粮食安全。然而,随着收入增长、国内食物需求的不断转型升级,以及国际市场风险波动的持续加剧等都对粮食安全保障提出更高要求。中国农产品贸易进口种类高度集中、重点品种进口来源地依赖度偏高等特点会使中国在全球粮食市场动荡加剧背景下出现外部粮源的利用风险明显上升的情况。大食物观的提出是对传统粮食安全保障思路的拓展。保障“大食物安全”,既需要依赖于国内全方位、多途径的食物资源开发,也需要进一步提高贸易开放水平,促进食物进口结构多元化发展,加快形成更加稳定、更具韧性的农产品贸易格局,降低外部粮源利用的不确定性风险,提高国内粮食生产的资源利用效率,提升国内粮食生产的可持续性。同时,大食物观下多元化农产品进口格局的构建也对相应的制度支持和条件支撑提出了更高要求,今后需要不断提高动物疫病输入防控与进口产品质量管控能力,逐步完善冷链物流设施条件与进口全产业链监管体系,进一步优化调整边境措施,从而更加高效地利用外部农产品市场,实现更高水平的粮食安全。
Over the past 70 years since the founding of China,China's level of food security has continued to improve,achieving a higher level of food consumption per capita than the world average with less water and land resources per capita than the world average.China's world-renowned achievements in food security have been attributed to the continuous improvement in comprehensive domestic food production capacity on the one hand,and to China's global leadership in trade opening and effective use of external food sources on the other hand.Agricultural trade fully integrates into China's food security.However,the continuous transformation and upgrading of domestic food demand with growing incomes,as well as the continued increase in risk volatility in international markets,are placing higher demands on the level of food security in the future.The high concentration of imported food types in China's agricultural trade and the high dependence on the source of imports of key species can make China's use of external food sources in the context of increased volatility in global food markets more risky.The Greater Food Approach is an expansion of the traditional food security thinking.To ensure "greater food security",it is necessary not only to rely on domestic all-round and multi-channel food resources development,but also to further improve the level of trade opening,promote the diversified development of food import structure,accelerate the formation of a more stable and resilient agricultural trade pattern,and reduce the risk of uncertainty in the use of external food sources,improve the efficiency of resource use in domestic food production,and enhance the sustainability of domestic food production.At the same time,the construction of a diversified pattern of agricultural imports under the Greater Food Approach also puts forward higher requirements for the corresponding institutional support and conditional support.In the future,it is necessary to continuously improve the import prevention and control of animal diseases a
作者
朱晶
王容博
徐亮
刘星宇
ZHU Jing;WANG Rongbo;XU Liang;LIU Xingyu
出处
《农业经济问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期36-48,共13页
Issues in Agricultural Economy
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目“我国粮食供需格局演变与开放条件下的粮食安全政策研究”(编号:71934005)。
关键词
大食物观
粮食安全
农产品贸易
进口多元化
Greater Food Approach
Food security
Agricultural trade
Import diversification
