摘要
自然环境和区位特点为多种经营提供了条件。畜牧业是燕国农业的支柱产业之一,颇受重视。战国时已有专门饲养牲畜的苑囿,规模和数量均十分可观,在制骨业、皮革业和殉牲中均有体现。燕人广泛种植经济林,枣、栗种植呈现出规模化和专业化的态势,多植于园圃或野外,果实以备充饥外,亦成为重要之商品;燕国蚕桑业久负盛名,地桑和高干桑已被普遍种植,尤以地桑为最。渔猎经济是燕国农业的重要补充,渔业生产趋于完善,极可能已人工养鱼;皮甲胄的制作多以野生动物皮为主,饲养牲畜之皮为辅。多种经营使农业资源获得充分的开发利用,土地、人力和畜力资源得到合理配置,在维持农业生态平衡的基础上提升了御灾能力,加快了农业的商品化,推进了农业的综合发展。
The natural environment and location characteristics provided conditions for diversified management.Animal husbandry was one of the pillar industries of agriculture in the Yan State,which was highly valued.There were gardens dedicated to raising livestock during the Warring States period,which were considerable in size and quantity and were reflected in bone making,leather making and marred animals.Economic forests were widely planted by the Yan people.The cultivation of jujube and chestnut showed a trend of large scale and specialization,which were mostly planted in gardens or in the wild.The fruits were not only used to satisfy hunger,but also became an important commodity.The sericulture industry had a long reputation,and the mulberry and the high dried mulberry were widely planted,especially the mulberry.The fishing and hunting economy was still an important supplement to the agriculture of the Yan State.Fisheries production gradually became developed,and artificial fish farming probably occurred.The production of skin armor was mainly wild animal skin,supplemented by the skin of livestock.Diversified management made full use of agricultural resources.Land,human and animal resources were rationally allocated,which improved the ability to withstand disasters on the basis of maintaining the balance of agricultural ecology,accelerated the commercialization of agriculture,and promoted the comprehensive development of agriculture.
出处
《农业考古》
北大核心
2023年第3期87-93,共7页
Agricultural Archaeology
基金
石家庄学院2021年博士科研启动基金项目“战国燕国经济研究”(项目编号:21BS025)。
关键词
战国
燕国
多种经营
畜牧业
果树种植业
渔猎
the Warring States
the Yan State
diversified management
animal husbandry
fruit industry
fishing and hunting
