摘要
Pelagic cephalopods have evolved a series of fascinating traits,such as excellent visual acuity,high-speed agility,and photophores for adaptation to open pelagic oceans.However,the genetic mechanisms underpinning these traits are not well understood.Thus,in this study,we obtained high-quality genomes of two purpleback flying squid species(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and Sthenoteuthis sp.),with sizes of 5450 Mb and 5651 Mb,respectively.Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the S-crystallin subfamily SL20-1 associated with visual acuity in the purpleback flying squid lineage was significantly expanded,and the evolution of high-speed agility for the species was accompanied by significant positive selection pressure on genes related to energy metabolism.These molecular signals might have contributed to the evolution of their adaptative predatory and anti-predatory traits.In addition,the transcriptomic analysis provided clear indications of the evolution of the photophores of purpleback flying squids,especially the recruitment of new genes and energy metabolism-related genes which may have played key functional roles in the process.
基金
supported by grants from the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research, China (Grant No. 2019B030302004)
the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1406502)
the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou),China(Grant No. GML2019ZD0605)
the Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (Grant No. NFZX2018)
the Central Public-interest Scientific Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (Grant Nos. 2019HY-XKQ03, 2020TD05, and 2021SD18)
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M693342)
the Hubei Postdoctoral Innovation Post Project, China
the 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi Province, China
the Research Funds for Interdisciplinary subject of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China (Grant No. 19SH030408)
